Engineering detailsPatents normally

Engineering details
Patents normally don't give many quantitative specifics, but Tesla's wireless power patent does give
some about the big prototype power-transmission Tesla coil (which was, incidentally, used to conduct
a demonstration before skeptical patent examiners). A 50,000-volt transformer charged a capacitor
of .004 mfd., which discharged through a rotary gap that gave 5,000 breaks per second. The eight-foot
diameter primary had just one turn of stout stranded cable. The secondary was 50 turns of heavily
insulated No. 8 wire wound as a flat spiral. It vibrated at 230-250,000 cycles and produced 2 to 4
million volts. This coil evolved into the huge experimental magnifying transmitter
Tesla describes in his Colorado Springs notes. Housed in a specially built lab 110 feet square, the
device used a 50,000 volt Westinghouse transformer to charge a capacitor that consisted of a
galvanized tub full of salt water as an electrolyte, into which he placed large glass bottles, themselves
containing salt water. The salt water in the tub was one plate of this capacitor, the salt water inside the
bottles the other plate, and the bottle glass the dielectric. Various capacities were tried, incremental
changes being made by connecting more or fewer bottles. A variable tuning coil of 20 turns was
connected to the primary, which consisted of two turns of heavy insulated cable that ran around the
base of the huge fence like wooden secondary framework. The secondary had 24 turns of No. 8 wire
on a diameter of 51 feet Various extra coils were tried, the final version being 12 feet high, 8 feet in
diameter, and having 100 turns of No. 8 wire.
The antenna was a 30-inch conductive ball adjustable for height on a 142-foot mast. The huge
transmitter could vibrate from 45 to 150 kilocycles. Even with the big transformer, this bill of materials
does not seem inaccessible to enterprising people, and the technology does not seem so abstruse, so
http://www.frank.germano.com/lostinventions.htm (12 of 28)2004/11/22 09:47:22 AM
the lost inventions of Nikola Tesla
it is no wonder that people have gotten together to build magnifying transmitters and experiment with
wireless power without support from corporations or government.
One such group was the People's Power Project in central Minnesota in the late 70's. This group,
largely farmers, objected to high voltage power lines trespassing on their land and set out to build an
alternative. Limited by the sketchy information then available, the project was not successful. Another
attempt, called Project Tesla, is being set up in Colorado. Endowed with more precise calculations and
more experienced personnel, Project Tesla will try to repeat Tesla's wireless-power experiment and
verify his theory by taking measurements at various remote locations.
Earth resonance
Among the appealing features of Colorado Springs for Tesla was the region's frequent and sensational
electrical storms. For Tesla, lightning was a joyous phenomenon. Biographers report that, during
storms back East, Tesla would throw open the windows of his New York lab and recline on a couch for
the duration, muttering to himself ecstatically. In Colorado Springs he tuned in and tracked lightning
storms using rudimentary radio receiving equipment. He thereby determined that lightning was a
vibratory phenomenon, which set up standing waves bouncing within the earth at a frequency
resonantly compatible with the earth's electrical capacity. This earth-resonant frequency, he reasoned,
was the ideal frequency for wireless power transmission, and he tuned his ultimate magnifying
transmitter accordingly.
The literature contains various reports on exactly what this frequency is. Some say 150 kilocycles,
which would be at the upper range of the Colorado Springs transmitter. Others give frequencies
considerably lower, 11.78 cycles, 6.8 cycles, frequencies Tesla's transmitter may have achieved
harmonically. With reinforcement from the earth resonance, the power would actually increase in the
process of transmission.
In one memorable experiment with the Colorado Springs transmitter, Tesla shot from the antenna ball
veritable lightning bolts of 135 feet, producing thunder heard 15 miles distant, and, in the process,
pulled so many amperes that he burned out the municipal generator. In another experiment he lit up
wirelessly, at a distance of 26 miles from the lab, a bank of 10,000 watts worth of incandescent bulbs.
Two years after Colorado Springs, Tesla applied for patent for the far more refined magnifying
transmitter shown at the opening of this chapter, a patent that was not granted until a dozen years later.
In this patent he no longer speaks of energy broadcast through the upper strata of the atmosphere but
of a grounded resonant circuit. Tesla predicted that his magnifying transmitter would prove most
important and valuable to future generations, that it would bring about an industrial revolution and
make possible great humanitarian achievements. Instead, as we shall see, the magnifying transmitter
became Tesla's Waterloo.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Chi tiết kỹ thuậtBằng sáng chế thường không cung cấp cho nhiều chi tiết cụ thể định lượng, nhưng của Tesla không dây điện bằng sáng chế chomột số về lớn nguyên mẫu điện-truyền Tesla coil (mà là, ngẫu nhiên, được sử dụng để tiến hànhmột cuộc biểu tình trước khi người giám định bằng sáng chế không tin). Một biến áp 50,000-volt trả một tụ điệncủa.004 mfd., thải ra thông qua một khoảng cách quay cho 5.000 phá vỡ mỗi giây. 8-chânđường kính chính có chỉ là một biến của stout sợi cáp. Thứ cấp là 50 lượt rất nhiềucách điện số 8 dây vết thương như một xoắn ốc phẳng. Nó rung tại 230-250.000 chu kỳ và sản xuất 2-4triệu volt. Cuộn dây này phát triển thành lớn thử nghiệm phóng đại phátTesla mô tả của ông ghi chú Colorado Springs. Nằm trong một phòng thí nghiệm được xây dựng đặc biệt 110 feet vuông, cácthiết bị sử dụng volt 50.000 Westinghouse biến tính phí một tụ điện bao gồm mộtmạ kẽm sục đầy muối nước là một chất điện phân, mà ông đặt chai thủy tinh lớn, bản thâncó chứa nước mặn. Nước muối trong bồn tắm là một mảng của tụ điện này, nước muối bên trong cáctúi đĩa khác, và chai thủy tinh lưỡng điện. Dung lượng khác nhau đã được cố gắng, gia tăngthay đổi đang được thực hiện bằng cách kết nối nhiều hơn hoặc ít hơn chai. Một cuộn dây điều chỉnh biến 20 lần lượt làkết nối với chính, bao gồm hai lượt nặng cáp cách điện chạy xung quanh cáccăn cứ của hàng rào rất lớn như gỗ khung thứ cấp. Thứ cấp có 24 lượt số 8 dâyon a diameter of 51 feet Various extra coils were tried, the final version being 12 feet high, 8 feet indiameter, and having 100 turns of No. 8 wire.The antenna was a 30-inch conductive ball adjustable for height on a 142-foot mast. The hugetransmitter could vibrate from 45 to 150 kilocycles. Even with the big transformer, this bill of materialsdoes not seem inaccessible to enterprising people, and the technology does not seem so abstruse, sohttp://www.frank.germano.com/lostinventions.htm (12 of 28)2004/11/22 09:47:22 AMthe lost inventions of Nikola Teslait is no wonder that people have gotten together to build magnifying transmitters and experiment withwireless power without support from corporations or government.One such group was the People's Power Project in central Minnesota in the late 70's. This group,largely farmers, objected to high voltage power lines trespassing on their land and set out to build analternative. Limited by the sketchy information then available, the project was not successful. Anotherattempt, called Project Tesla, is being set up in Colorado. Endowed with more precise calculations andmore experienced personnel, Project Tesla will try to repeat Tesla's wireless-power experiment andverify his theory by taking measurements at various remote locations.Earth resonanceAmong the appealing features of Colorado Springs for Tesla was the region's frequent and sensationalelectrical storms. For Tesla, lightning was a joyous phenomenon. Biographers report that, duringstorms back East, Tesla would throw open the windows of his New York lab and recline on a couch forthe duration, muttering to himself ecstatically. In Colorado Springs he tuned in and tracked lightningstorms using rudimentary radio receiving equipment. He thereby determined that lightning was avibratory phenomenon, which set up standing waves bouncing within the earth at a frequencyresonantly compatible with the earth's electrical capacity. This earth-resonant frequency, he reasoned,was the ideal frequency for wireless power transmission, and he tuned his ultimate magnifyingtransmitter accordingly.The literature contains various reports on exactly what this frequency is. Some say 150 kilocycles,which would be at the upper range of the Colorado Springs transmitter. Others give frequenciesconsiderably lower, 11.78 cycles, 6.8 cycles, frequencies Tesla's transmitter may have achievedharmonically. With reinforcement from the earth resonance, the power would actually increase in theprocess of transmission.In one memorable experiment with the Colorado Springs transmitter, Tesla shot from the antenna ballveritable lightning bolts of 135 feet, producing thunder heard 15 miles distant, and, in the process,pulled so many amperes that he burned out the municipal generator. In another experiment he lit upwirelessly, at a distance of 26 miles from the lab, a bank of 10,000 watts worth of incandescent bulbs.Two years after Colorado Springs, Tesla applied for patent for the far more refined magnifyingtransmitter shown at the opening of this chapter, a patent that was not granted until a dozen years later.In this patent he no longer speaks of energy broadcast through the upper strata of the atmosphere butof a grounded resonant circuit. Tesla predicted that his magnifying transmitter would prove mostimportant and valuable to future generations, that it would bring about an industrial revolution andmake possible great humanitarian achievements. Instead, as we shall see, the magnifying transmitterbecame Tesla's Waterloo.