III.B. Contemporary State practice: selected examples of non-recognition
So much for judicial and organisational endorsement; what, then, are
we to make of the contemporary practice of individual States in relation to
non-recognition, and what conclusions, if any, may be drawn from such
practice? The main examples of the use of non-recognition can be identified
as Rhodesia, the so-called "Bantustans" in South Africa, the self-styled
"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) and the Iraqi annexation of
Kuwait. In each of these cases, which run the gamut from a unilateral
declaration of independence in violation of the principle of self-determination
(Rhodesia), through the Manchukuo-type erection of nominally independent
satellite States (the South African Bantustans and the TRNC), to outright
conquest and annexation of territory (Kuwait), the duty not to recognise the
situation in question was expressly imposed by the Security Council. However,
the practice of the European Union in relation to the recognition of new
States in Eastern Europe after the dissolution of the USSR and the former
Yugoslavia may also be mentioned as an example of State practice not
dependent on UN resolutions.
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