When cellular cholesterol concentrations reach saturating levels, association of the SREBP⁄SCAP complex with COPII is inhibited as a result of binding of the insulin-induced gene, and the complex is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum [44]. This classic model of steroldependentregulation applies mainly to SREBP2 and has been termed ‘regulated intramembrane proteolysis’[45]. It is conserved between flies and mammals. However, SREBP processing in Drosophila is regulated by phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine rather than by sterols [46]. Interestingly, it has recently been shown that depletion of phosphatidylcholine in mammalian cells leads to nuclear accumulation of SREBP1, but not of SREBP2, even in the presence ofcholesterol and through a SCAP-independent mechanism [47], suggesting that phospholipid levels may be the main regulators of SREBP1.
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