Agriculture is inherently equipped with various environmental protection functions (such as flood control, preparation for drought, prevention of soi l erosion, and pur i f ication of water and air). Furthermore, agriculture is a series of sustainable production activities that make use of natural recycling of materials such as water, nitrogen, and carbon; thus, it is possible to maintain environmental harmony by implementing appropriate agricultural production techniques that make the most of these inherent environmental protection functions[1] (Figure 1). However, poor or misguided farming practices can impose major burdens on the environment, potentially leading to adverse effects on the safety and security of foodstuffs. Therefore, agricultural chemicals are strictly regulated in Japan based on the Agricultural Chemicals Regulation Law[2]; however, there is no regulation of fertilizers.In the Third Science and Technology Basic Plan, the issue of groundwater pollution caused by agricultural production activities is listed as an important research and development subject[3] (Environmental Field: Research on Water and Materials Cycles and River Basin Sector Program 3 “Adequate Water Cont rol Technology in Agriculture and Forestry”).
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