Ion exchange membranes are used in a number of separation processes, themost important of which is electrodialysis. In ion exchange membranes, chargedgroups are attached to the polymer backbone of the membrane material. Thesefixed charge groups partially or completely exclude ions of the same chargefrom the membrane. This means that an anionic membrane with fixed positivegroups excludes positive ions but is freely permeable to negatively charged ions.Similarly a cationic membrane with fixed negative groups excludes negative ionsbut is freely permeable to positively charged ions, as illustrated in Figure 10.1
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