I. INTRODUCTIONIn the recent years, the Internet data communications have experienced a paradigm shift from the traditional fixed cable access, to the wireless and mobile world. The huge success of powerful hand-held devices and the deployment of faster heterogeneous radio access technologies, like IEEE 802.11n and the Long Term Evolution (LTE), have led to the familiar concept connected anywhere, anytime. Reports such as [1] show that the mobile traffic growth will not decelerate, but, conversely, it will increase 11-fold from 2013 by the end of 2018.Mobile operators, together with industry and research com- munities, are looking at cheap and effective solutions to cope with this tremendous growth. There are two main issues to tackle: i) how to provide enough capacity in the access, andii) how to handle all the traffic in the transport network. For the first issue, reducing the size of the cells is the most feasible approach that can provide a significant bandwidth increase.
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