The LM231/LM331 family of voltage-to-frequency convertersare ideally suited for use in simple low-cost circuits foranalog-to-digital conversion, precision frequency-to-voltageconversion, long-term integration, linear frequency modulation or demodulation, and many other functions. The outputwhen used as a voltage-to-frequency converter is a pulsetrain at a frequency precisely proportional to the appliedinput voltage. Thus, it provides all the inherent advantages ofthe voltage-to-frequency conversion techniques, and is easyto apply in all standard voltage-to-frequency converter applications. Further, the LM231A/LM331A attain a new highlevel of accuracy versus temperature which could only beattained with expensive voltage-to-frequency modules. Additionally the LM231/331 are ideally suited for use in digitalsystems at low power supply voltages and can provide lowcost analog-to-digital conversion in microprocessorcontrolled systems. And, the frequency from a battery powered voltage-to-frequency converter can be easily channeledthrough a simple photo isolator to provide isolation againsthigh common mode levels.The LM231/LM331 utilize a new temperature-compensatedband-gap reference circuit, to provide excellent accuracy
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