There are different types of computer of varying size and power, inclu dịch - There are different types of computer of varying size and power, inclu Na Uy làm thế nào để nói

There are different types of comput

There are different types of computer of varying size and power, including the following:
• Supercomputer: the most powerful type of mainframe.
• Mainframe: large, very powerful, multi-user i.e. can be used by many people at the same time, multi-tasking i.e. can run many programs and process different sets of data at the same time.
• Minicomputer: smaller than mainframe, powerful, multi-user, multi-tasking.
• Personal computer (PC): single user:
◦ Desktop computer: suitable size for sitting on an office desk.
◦ Workstation: most powerful type of desktop, used for graphic design, etc.
• Portable: can be carried around, can operate with batteries:
◦ Laptop: large portable, can be rested on user’s lap. ◦ Notebook: size of a sheet of notebook paper.
◦ Handheld: can be held in one hand:
▪ Pen-based: main input device is an electronic pen.
▪ PDA: Personal Digital Assistant, has functions such as task lists, diary, address book.
Note that the term PC usually refers to an IBM compatible personal computer i.e. an Apple Mac personal computer is not referred to as a PC. A computer that provide a service on a network e.g. storing files, sharing a printer, is known as a server computer. Server computer usually have a UPS
(Uninterruptible Power Supply) attached to them. This is a battery that automatically provides an electricity supply to allow the server to shut itself down properly if the main supply fails.
The processor e.g. Pentium, is the most important part of the computer. It processes the data and controls the computer. Powerful computers used as servers often have more than one processor. There are two main types of memory:
a) RAM (Random Access Memory) holds the program instructions and the data that is being used by the processor.
b) ROM (Read Only Memory) holds the program instructions and setting required to start up the computer.
The combination of the processor and memory sometimes referred to as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), although sometimes the processor itself is referred to as the CPU. The other parts connected to the CPU are known as peripherals. These can include input devices, output devices, storage devices and communications devices. Input devices include: keyboards, scanners, barcode readers, digital cameras, microphones and video cameras e.g. webcams (small digital video cameras used on the Web). Output devices include: monitors (VDU display screens), printers, plotters, loudspeakers, headphones. Storage devices include: magnetic tape, floppy disks (diskettes), hard disks, CD-ROMs, CD-R disks, CD-RW disks, DVDs and MO disks. A common communications devices is a modem (a modulator/demodulator used for converting digital signals to analogue signals and vice versa to allow computer to be connected to the ordinary telephone system).
A set of connectors used for carrying signals between the different parts of a computer is known as a bus. Data is transferred constantly between the processor and memory along the system bus. Each part of memory has its own memory address and the processor determines where processed data is stored by sending an address signal along an address bus and data along a data bus. This is synchronised by an electronic clock in the CPU that determines the operating speed of the processor. Transferring data between the processor and RAM can slow up the computer; therefore, some very expensive, extremely fast memory usually used as a cache to hold the most frequently used data.
In a desktop computer, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and storage devices (pieces of equipment used for reading from and write to a storage medium) are normal built inside a system unit which consists of a metal chassis enclosed in a desktop or a tower shaped case. Other peripherals are attached to the system unit by cables. Each peripheral uses its own driver card or controller (an expansion card that is plugged into special expansion slots in the system unit).
Expansion cards contain the electronics required to communicate with and control the device e.g. video or graphic cards are used for monitors, sound cards are used for audio input/output and NICs (Network Interface Cards) are used for connecting to other computers in a network (computing devices connected together). Extra memory can also be added to the computer using special memory expansion slots inside the computer. A portable computer that does not have enough space inside to fit expansion cards may use an external device called a port replicator to provide connections for peripherals.
Storage devices in the form of a disk or tape are used to store the programs and data that are not being used. Note that the American spelling of disk is commonly used, although the British spelling, disc, is sometimes used. Before a program or data can be used, it must be transferred from the storage device to the main RAM memory. Hard disks consist of a set of magnetic coated metal disks that are vacuumsealed inside a cas
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There are different types of computer of varying size and power, including the following: • Supercomputer: the most powerful type of mainframe. • Mainframe: large, very powerful, multi-user i.e. can be used by many people at the same time, multi-tasking i.e. can run many programs and process different sets of data at the same time. • Minicomputer: smaller than mainframe, powerful, multi-user, multi-tasking. • Personal computer (PC): single user: ◦ Desktop computer: suitable size for sitting on an office desk. ◦ Workstation: most powerful type of desktop, used for graphic design, etc. • Portable: can be carried around, can operate with batteries: ◦ Laptop: large portable, can be rested on user’s lap. ◦ Notebook: size of a sheet of notebook paper. ◦ Handheld: can be held in one hand: ▪ Pen-based: main input device is an electronic pen. ▪ PDA: Personal Digital Assistant, has functions such as task lists, diary, address book. Note that the term PC usually refers to an IBM compatible personal computer i.e. an Apple Mac personal computer is not referred to as a PC. A computer that provide a service on a network e.g. storing files, sharing a printer, is known as a server computer. Server computer usually have a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) attached to them. This is a battery that automatically provides an electricity supply to allow the server to shut itself down properly if the main supply fails. The processor e.g. Pentium, is the most important part of the computer. It processes the data and controls the computer. Powerful computers used as servers often have more than one processor. There are two main types of memory: a) RAM (Random Access Memory) holds the program instructions and the data that is being used by the processor. b) ROM (Read Only Memory) holds the program instructions and setting required to start up the computer. The combination of the processor and memory sometimes referred to as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), although sometimes the processor itself is referred to as the CPU. The other parts connected to the CPU are known as peripherals. These can include input devices, output devices, storage devices and communications devices. Input devices include: keyboards, scanners, barcode readers, digital cameras, microphones and video cameras e.g. webcams (small digital video cameras used on the Web). Output devices include: monitors (VDU display screens), printers, plotters, loudspeakers, headphones. Storage devices include: magnetic tape, floppy disks (diskettes), hard disks, CD-ROMs, CD-R disks, CD-RW disks, DVDs and MO disks. A common communications devices is a modem (a modulator/demodulator used for converting digital signals to analogue signals and vice versa to allow computer to be connected to the ordinary telephone system). A set of connectors used for carrying signals between the different parts of a computer is known as a bus. Data is transferred constantly between the processor and memory along the system bus. Each part of memory has its own memory address and the processor determines where processed data is stored by sending an address signal along an address bus and data along a data bus. This is synchronised by an electronic clock in the CPU that determines the operating speed of the processor. Transferring data between the processor and RAM can slow up the computer; therefore, some very expensive, extremely fast memory usually used as a cache to hold the most frequently used data. In a desktop computer, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and storage devices (pieces of equipment used for reading from and write to a storage medium) are normal built inside a system unit which consists of a metal chassis enclosed in a desktop or a tower shaped case. Other peripherals are attached to the system unit by cables. Each peripheral uses its own driver card or controller (an expansion card that is plugged into special expansion slots in the system unit). Expansion cards contain the electronics required to communicate with and control the device e.g. video or graphic cards are used for monitors, sound cards are used for audio input/output and NICs (Network Interface Cards) are used for connecting to other computers in a network (computing devices connected together). Extra memory can also be added to the computer using special memory expansion slots inside the computer. A portable computer that does not have enough space inside to fit expansion cards may use an external device called a port replicator to provide connections for peripherals. Storage devices in the form of a disk or tape are used to store the programs and data that are not being used. Note that the American spelling of disk is commonly used, although the British spelling, disc, is sometimes used. Before a program or data can be used, it must be transferred from the storage device to the main RAM memory. Hard disks consist of a set of magnetic coated metal disks that are vacuumsealed inside a cas
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Det finnes ulike typer av computer av varierende størrelse og makt, inkludert følgende:
• Supercomputer: den kraftigste typen stormaskin.
• Mainframe: stor, svært kraftig, multi-user dvs. kan brukes av mange mennesker på samme tid, multi -tasking dvs. kan kjøre mange programmer og behandle ulike sett av data på samme tid.
• minidatamaskin: mindre enn stormaskin, kraftig, multi-user, multi-tasking.
• Personlig datamaskin (PC): enbruker:
◦ stasjonær datamaskin: egnet . størrelse for å sitte på en kontorpult
◦ Workstation: mektigste type desktop, som brukes for grafisk design, etc.
• bærbar: kan bæres rundt, kan operere med batterier:
◦ Laptop: stor bærbar, kan hvilte på brukerens fang. Størrelsen på et ark av bærbare papir: ◦ Notebook.
◦ Håndholdt: kan holdes i én hånd:
▪ Pen-basert. Hovedinnskuffen enheten er en elektronisk penn
▪ PDA: Personal Digital Assistant, har funksjoner som oppgavelister, dagbok, adressebok.
Legg merke til at begrepet PC refererer vanligvis til en IBM-kompatibel personlig datamaskin dvs. en Apple Mac personlige datamaskinen er ikke referert til som en PC. En datamaskin som gir en tjeneste på et nettverk for eksempel lagring av filer, dele en skriver, er kjent som en server. Server-datamaskinen har vanligvis en UPS
(avbruddsfri strømforsyning) knyttet til dem. Dette er et batteri som automatisk gir en strømforsyning for å tillate tjeneren å slå seg ned på riktig måte hvis hovedforsyningen svikter.
Prosessoren f.eks Pentium, er den viktigste delen av datamaskinen. Den behandler dataene og kontrollerer datamaskinen. Kraftige datamaskiner som brukes som servere ofte har mer enn én prosessor. Det finnes to hovedtyper av minne:
a.) RAM (Random Access Memory) holder programinstruksjoner og data som brukes av prosessoren
b) ROM (Read Only Memory) holder programinstruksjoner og innstillingen som kreves for å starte opp datamaskin.
kombinasjonen av prosessoren og minne noen ganger referert til som CPU (Central Processing Unit), men noen ganger prosessoren i seg selv er referert til som CPU. De andre delene er koblet til CPU-er kjent som periferiutstyr. Disse kan omfatte inndataenheter, ut-enheter, lagringsenheter og kommunikasjonsenheter. Inndataenheter inkluderer: tastatur, skannere, strekkodelesere, digitale kameraer, mikrofoner og videokameraer f.eks webkameraer (små digitale videokameraer som brukes på Internett). Output enheter inkluderer: skjermer (VDU-skjermer), skrivere, plottere, høyttalere, hodetelefoner. Lagringsenheter inkluderer: magnetbånd, disketter (disketter), harddisker, CD-ROM, CD-R-plater, CD-RW-plater, DVD-er og MO disker. En felles kommunikasjonsenheter er et modem (modulator / demodulator som brukes for å omforme digitale signaler til analoge signaler og vice versa, slik at datamaskinen for å være koblet til det vanlige telefonsystemet).
Et sett med kontakter som brukes for utførelse av signaler mellom de forskjellige delene av en datamaskinen er kjent som en buss. Data blir overført kontinuerlig mellom prosessoren og minne langs systembussen. Hver del av hukommelsen har sin egen hukommelse-adresse og prosessoren bestemmer hvor prosesserte data blir lagret ved å sende en adressesignal langs en adressebuss og data langs en databuss. Dette blir synkronisert ved hjelp av en elektronisk klokke i den CPU som bestemmer operasjonshastigheten til prosessoren. Overføre data mellom prosessoren og RAM kan bremse opp maskinen; Derfor, til noen svært dyre, ekstremt raskt minne vanligvis brukt som en buffer holde de mest brukte data.
I en stasjonær datamaskin, lagringsenheter CPU (Central Processing Unit) og (deler av utstyret som brukes til å lese fra og skrive til et lagrings medium) er normalt bygget inne en systemenhet som består av en metallchassis vedlagt i en stasjonær eller et tårn formet sak. Andre enheter er koblet til systemenheten ved hjelp av kabler. Hver perifer bruker sin egen sjåførkortet eller kontrolleren (et utvidelseskort som er koblet til spesielle utvidelsesspor i systemenheten).
Utvidelseskort inneholder elektronikken som kreves for å kommunisere med og styre enheten for eksempel video eller grafikk kortene brukes for skjermer, lyd kortene brukes for audio input / output og nettverkskort (nettverkskort) brukes for å koble til andre datamaskiner i et nettverk (databehandlingsenheter koblet sammen). Ekstra minne kan også legges til datamaskinen ved hjelp av spesielle minneutvidelsesspor inne i datamaskinen. En bærbar datamaskin som ikke har nok plass inne til å passe utvidelseskort kan bruke en ekstern enhet som kalles en portreplikator å gi tilkoblinger for eksterne enheter.
Lagringsenheter i form av en disk eller tape brukes til å lagre programmer og data som ikke er blir brukt. Legg merke til at den amerikanske skrivemåten av disk er ofte brukt, selv om den britiske staving, plate, er noen ganger brukt. Før et program eller data kan brukes, må det overføres fra lagringsenheten til hoved RAM-minne. Harddisker består av et sett med magnetiske belagte metallskiver som er vacuumsealed inne i en cas
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t, tyvende bokstav i alfabetetprosent tegn, tegn som symboliserer at den angitte verdien er en prosent
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