Petrosasponiolides M–R (268–272) revealed the presence of a g-hydroxybutenolide moiety and a hemiacetal function. Due to these structuralsimilarities to manoalide (223), petrosaspongiolides (M–R) have received specialattention from the scientific community to study their inhibitory activity against PLA2from different resources to point out their specificity. Two main groups of PLA2enzymes have been reported [382], the secretory PLA2(sPLA2groups I, II, III, V, IX,andXwith relatively smallmolecularweights) and the cytosolic PLA2(cPLA2groupsIV, VI, VII, and VIII with higher molecular weights). Inhibition of specific PLA2constitutes a potentially useful approach for treating a wide variety of inflammatorydisorders such as septic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, arthritis, and acutepancreatitis [381]. Petrosaspongiolides M–R (268–272) together with 21-hydroxyderivatives of petrosaspongiolides K (266a)andP(270a), and spongidines A–D(273–276) were tested on five different sPLA2s belonging to the groups I (Naja najavenom and porcine pancreatic enzymes), II (human synovial recombinant and rat air-pouch secretory enzymes), and III (bee venom enzyme)
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