The driving force for voltage instability is usually the loads;in response to a disturbance, power consumed by the loads tendsto be restored by the action of motor slip adjustment, distributionvoltage regulators, tap-changing transformers, and thermostats.Restored loads increase the stress on the high voltage networkby increasing the reactive power consumption and causing furthervoltage reduction. A run-down situation causing voltage instabilityoccurs when load dynamics attempt to restore powerconsumption beyond the capability of the transmission networkand the connected generation
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