BioECon has formed a joint venture with KIOR [125] toexploit their technology. Little information is available otherthan modified clays are some of the materials studied and thatone approach is impregnation of the biomass with nanocatalysts prior to reaction [126]. Success is claimed attemperatures as low as 230 _C [99]. CPERI in Greece has carriedout a number of projects on catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in a circulating fluid bed reactor using zeolites and mesoporouscatalysts. There was clear evidence of upgrading but incompletede-oxygenation [100,101].Agblevor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State Universityhas developed a fractional pyrolysis process based on inbedcatalysis [111], which has been patented [112].Exelus claims a low temperature (ca 200 _C) long residencetime (ca 20 min) catalytic thermochemical process to convertbiomass into gasoline [127]. While it is unlikely to be consideredpyrolysis, it well illustrates the increasing innovationbeing applied to this field.Other work on integrated catalytic pyrolysis has beencarried out by a number of laboratories with limited success.One problem often encountered is the declared objective ofimproving bio-oil quality without defining what this meansand what characteristic(s) is being addressed.
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