• In the meantime, Galileo became famous for his astronomical observations, which he began in 1609 and which he parlayed into a position back at the Florentine court.• For Galileo, sunspots and craters on the moon proved that the heavens are not perfect and changeless, but rather are like the supposedly “corrupt” and changeable earth. His telescopic observations also provided further support for Copernican heliocentrism.• Galileo had already been approached by various Italian princes and in turn sought to woo their support with gifts of some of his earlier inventions, such as a military compass.• Galileo defended himself to his patrons and to the wider scientific community by arguing, in print, that the new science did not challenge religion.• In his 60s, Galileo began to work on a book that summarized his life book that summarized his life s’ work-Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World (1632), structured as a conversation among three characters debating the merits of Copernican theory.• Given the work Given the work s’ sensitive subject matter sensitive subject matter,Galileo obtained explicit permission from the pope to write it and cleared some portions with censors before publication.• Galileo had clearly overstepped the bounds of discussing of discussing Copernicanism Copernicanism in theory only in theory only and appeared to advocate it.• Moreover, the larger political context affecting Galileo’s patrons and friends had changed.• Galileo was forced to stand trial for heresy in Rome in 1633.• Galileo lived confined and guarded, continuing his investigations of mechanics, until his death eight years later.
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