The oxygen has 8 valence electrons both before and after this chemical process, but the number shared with the carbon is reduced from 4 to 2, and the carbonyl oxygen acquiresa negative charge. In the next step, the electron pair conferring the negative charge on the oxygen moves back to re-form a bond with carbon and reestablish thecarbonyl linkage. Again, an electron pair must bedisplaced from the carbon, and this time it is the electron pair shared with the amino group of the peptide linkage.
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