Nội dung của hôn nhân chuẩn bị A number of formal relationship curricula propose both format and content for marriage preparation or enrichment. Williams (2003) identified and discussed six preventive programs used in premarital counseling that are among the best known in the marriage and family field: Relationship Enhancement, developed by Guerney et al. (Cavedo & Guerney, 1999); Couple Communication, developed by Miller, Nunnally, and Wackman (S. Miller & Sherrard, 1999); PREP, developed by Markman et al. (Stanley, Blumberg, & Markman, 1999); Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills (PAIRS), developed by Lori Gordon (Gordon & Durana, 1999); PREPARE/ENRICH, developed by Olson, Fournier, and Druckman (Olson & Olson, 1999); and ACME-style marriage enrichment, begun by Mace and Mace (Dyer & Dyer, 1999). Williams (2003) suggested that many of these programs have been influenced by cognitive-behavioral, communication, and social learning theories and that some (e.g., PREP and PREPARE/ENRICH) have been heavily informed by research. Berger and Hannah (1999b) present these programs and several others in a book-length treatment. Murray (2005) observed that premarital and marital educational programs can be characterized by their wide use of “hybrid” curricula. Providers may use some of the programs referred to above but adapt the curricula to meet specific needs of the population, shortening the length, changing the order of components, changing the language, or adding material, either their own or elements from other curricula. Research has provided the basis for recommending content for effective marriage preparation based on risk and protective factors for marital distress and divorce and on empirical evaluations of premarital education programs (Adler-Baeder, Higginbotham, & 54 Lamke, 2004; Bradbury, Fincham, & Beach, 2000; Fournier & Olson, 1986; Larson & Holman, 1994; Larson et al., 2002; Russell & Lyster, 1992; Williams et al., 1999). Hawkins et al. (2004) have built on this research to propose a comprehensive framework for marriage education that has direct application to the content clergy include in the marriage preparation they provide. This framework suggests that three subdivisions of content should be included in marriage education: relationship skills; awareness/knowledge/attitudes; and motivations/virtues. They suggest that marriage education typically has emphasized skills and has included to a lesser extent components such as awareness, knowledge, and attitudes. They concur with Fowers (2000) that marital education is incomplete without attention to important virtues such as generosity, justice, and loyalty. Spokesmen for the Marriage Movement have suggested that clergy are in a strategic position to address these topics (Institute for American Values, 2000). Although it is possible to specify important areas of content in marriage preparation, little is known about how clergy address these topics.
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