tourism and ecotourism are shown as

tourism and ecotourism are shown as subcomponents of nature tourism, while ecotourism has stronger links to rural and cultural tourism than adventure tourism.

In ecotourism the prime motivation is the observation and appreciation of natural features and related cultural assets, whereas in adventure tourism

it is rather the physical exercise and challenging situations in natural environments.

From a functional viewpoint, ecotourism in the marketplace is mostly individual or small-scale tourism (tour groups up to 25, and hotels with less than 100 beds) that is operated by small- and medium-sized companies in natural areas. It represents

a segment of the marketplace that concentrates on leading and accommodating small groups in natural areas in an educational manner using interpretive materials and local specialist guides.

The Roots of Ecotourism

With a history deeply rooted in the conservation movement, ecotourism has provided a highly strategic source of revenue to natural areas that need protection. Ecotourism began as an untested idea that many hoped could contribute to the conservation


















of natural resources worldwide. Research undertaken in Kenya in the 1970s (Thresher 1981) demonstrated that the economic benefits of wildlife tourism far surpassed hunting – an activity that was banned

in Kenya in 1977. In the early 1980s, rain forests and coral reefs became the subject of both innumerable studies by biologists interested in biological diversity and of a plethora of nature film documentaries. This interest helped launch a wide variety of local small businesses specializing in guiding scientists

and filmmakers into remote zones. As these small businesses quickly began to prosper in countries such as Costa Rica and Ecuador, a more formal industry soon evolved to meet the needs of small tourism groups that were primarily composed of birdwatchers and committed naturalists. In many areas of the world, pioneer entrepreneurs created special field visits and studies for adult travelers, students and volunteers.

International nature-based businesses began to thrive in the 1980s with the growing interest in outdoor travel and the environment, spurred by excellent new outdoor equipment for camping and hiking, and events such as Earth Day. These companies began to realize that they could take the
initiative to conserve the environ






















Jaguar Preserve, Belize





Ecotourism as a Concept

Ecotourism is a sub-component of the field

of sustainable tourism. Figure 1 offers a reflection of where ecotourism can be placed within

the process of developing more sustainable forms of tourism. This figure also provides a demonstration of how ecotourism is primarily a sustainable version of nature tourism, while including rural and cultural tourism elements.

Ecotourism aspires in all cases to achieve sustainable development results. However,

it is important to clarify that all tourism activities

– be they geared to holidays, business, conferences, congresses or fairs, health, adventure or ecotourism – should aim to be sustainable.

This means that the planning and development

of tourism infrastructure, its subsequent operation and also its marketing should focus on environmental, social, cultural and economic sustainability criteria.


9


Components of Ecotourism

• Contributes to conservation of biodiversity.

• Sustains the well being of local people.

• Includes an interpretation / learning experience.

• Involves responsible action on the part of tourists and the tourism industry.

• Is delivered primarily to small groups by small-scale businesses.

• Requires lowest possible consumption of non-renewable resources.

• Stresses local participation, ownership and business opportunities, particularly for rural people.





The strong orientation of the ecotourism field toward the evolution of principles, guidelines, and certification based on sustainability standards gives it an unusual position in the tourism field. Over the years, discussion in conferences has provided a general consensus on the components of ecotourism (as seen in box above).

Ecotourism as a Market Segment

Ecotourism is a small but rapidly growing industry working within a niche market that is governed by market forces and regulations







advertised as being equivalent to nature tourism

in the marketplace. Some countries, companies and destinations have social and environmental policies and programs, while others do not. This has led

to confusion worldwide about the meaning of the term ecotourism as it is applied in the marketplace. Further discussion of guidelines and accreditation systems relating to sustainability criteria for the ecotourism industry can be found later in this chapter.

Figure 2 provides a reflection of how ecotourism fits marketplace. Both adventure

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

du lịch và du lịch sinh thái được thể hiện như là subcomponents du lịch thiên nhiên, trong khi du lịch sinh thái có liên kết mạnh mẽ hơn để nông thôn và văn hóa du lịch hơn so với cuộc phiêu lưu du lịch.Du lịch sinh thái là động lực chính là quan sát và đánh giá cao tính năng tự nhiên và liên quan đến tài sản văn hóa, trong khi du lịch mạo hiểmđó là thay vì tập thể dục và các tình huống thử thách ở môi trường tự nhiên.Từ một quan điểm chức năng, du lịch sinh thái trên thị trường chủ yếu là cá nhân hoặc quy mô nhỏ du lịch (nhóm tour du lịch đến 25, và khách sạn có ít hơn 100 giường) mà được điều hành bởi các công ty vừa và nhỏ ở khu vực tự nhiên. Nó đại diện chomột phân khúc thị trường tập trung vào hàng đầu và chứa các nhóm nhỏ trong khu vực tự nhiên một cách giáo dục bằng cách sử dụng các tài liệu nghệ thuật trình diễn và hướng dẫn viên chuyên gia địa phương.Rễ của du lịch sinh tháiVới một lịch sử bắt rễ sâu trong các phong trào bảo tồn, du lịch sinh thái đã cung cấp một nguồn cao chiến lược thu nhập để tự nhiên các khu vực cần bảo vệ. Du lịch sinh thái bắt đầu như một ý tưởng chưa được kiểm tra rất nhiều hy vọng có thể đóng góp cho việc bảo tồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên trên toàn thế giới. Nghiên cứu thực hiện ở Kenya trong thập niên 1970 (Thresher 1981) chứng minh rằng các lợi ích kinh tế của động vật hoang dã du lịch vượt xa mọi kiểu săn bắn-một hoạt động bị Cấmin Kenya in 1977. In the early 1980s, rain forests and coral reefs became the subject of both innumerable studies by biologists interested in biological diversity and of a plethora of nature film documentaries. This interest helped launch a wide variety of local small businesses specializing in guiding scientistsand filmmakers into remote zones. As these small businesses quickly began to prosper in countries such as Costa Rica and Ecuador, a more formal industry soon evolved to meet the needs of small tourism groups that were primarily composed of birdwatchers and committed naturalists. In many areas of the world, pioneer entrepreneurs created special field visits and studies for adult travelers, students and volunteers.International nature-based businesses began to thrive in the 1980s with the growing interest in outdoor travel and the environment, spurred by excellent new outdoor equipment for camping and hiking, and events such as Earth Day. These companies began to realize that they could take theinitiative to conserve the environJaguar Preserve, BelizeEcotourism as a ConceptEcotourism is a sub-component of the fieldof sustainable tourism. Figure 1 offers a reflection of where ecotourism can be placed withinthe process of developing more sustainable forms of tourism. This figure also provides a demonstration of how ecotourism is primarily a sustainable version of nature tourism, while including rural and cultural tourism elements.Ecotourism aspires in all cases to achieve sustainable development results. However,it is important to clarify that all tourism activities– be they geared to holidays, business, conferences, congresses or fairs, health, adventure or ecotourism – should aim to be sustainable.This means that the planning and developmentof tourism infrastructure, its subsequent operation and also its marketing should focus on environmental, social, cultural and economic sustainability criteria. 9 Components of Ecotourism• Contributes to conservation of biodiversity.• Sustains the well being of local people.• Includes an interpretation / learning experience.• Involves responsible action on the part of tourists and the tourism industry.• Is delivered primarily to small groups by small-scale businesses.• Requires lowest possible consumption of non-renewable resources.• Stresses local participation, ownership and business opportunities, particularly for rural people. The strong orientation of the ecotourism field toward the evolution of principles, guidelines, and certification based on sustainability standards gives it an unusual position in the tourism field. Over the years, discussion in conferences has provided a general consensus on the components of ecotourism (as seen in box above).Ecotourism as a Market SegmentEcotourism is a small but rapidly growing industry working within a niche market that is governed by market forces and regulations advertised as being equivalent to nature tourismin the marketplace. Some countries, companies and destinations have social and environmental policies and programs, while others do not. This has ledto confusion worldwide about the meaning of the term ecotourism as it is applied in the marketplace. Further discussion of guidelines and accreditation systems relating to sustainability criteria for the ecotourism industry can be found later in this chapter.Figure 2 provides a reflection of how ecotourism fits marketplace. Both adventure