As Augustine completes his autobiographical work in Books 1-9, we find him moving, in his final books, to a discussion of memory, time, creation and eternity. At first glance, to many, this may seem a strange departure from the autobiographical form up to this point, and, indeed, the substance of his final four books appear out of place. Here we will ask, though, what his purpose is in this redirection.According to Augustine time and eternity are of two separate orders. Time is understood as the horizontal movement of human existence that is constantly in flux between the past, present and future. Augustine's analysis of time leads him to the conclusion that since the past never truly exists and the future has not yet come into existence, all that remains is the present, which is constantly flowing toward non-existence. Because time, as a separate existence of past, present and future, is inexpressible, Augustine proposes that one refer to time as, "three times, a present of things past, a present of things present, a present of things to come." These three exist concurrently in the soul, which dilates to incorporate memories of the past, immediate awareness of the present, and expectation for the future . Eternity, on the other hand, is defined as the "eternal present" or "eternal day" understood as the Abidingness and unchangeableness of God which "embraces and transcends time." For Augustine, the purpose of time is to be caught up into this "eternal present" to the extent to which we can experience it while still bound by the temporal. Humphries describes Augustine's understanding of the distentio of time and the past present of memory by relating that, "The present moment is continually filled by the memory, which holds images of past events. This is how time is measured in the soul: time is a distentio animi collected in the present moment." Due to the fact that his life is spent in a set of moments and periods of time in which he chose to either focus on himself or focus on God, he finds no value in those things which served only to deceive or distract him from the one and only true purpose of life; communion with God. Jackelen explains this concept:Augustine does not expect something from a future within time, but rather from a present. Only in the praesens attentio of the soul can a person, by means of a combination of memory (memoria), present attention (contiuitus, attentio), and expectation (expectatio), establish a unity of temporal events. And only in moments of fulfilled present, when time opens itself to eternity, so to speak, in a rara visio (a rare vision) of enlightenment, is it possible for human beings to access, though fragmentarily, the transcendent, the connectedness of time and eternity, and the experience of eternity. Thus, on the one hand, the past tends to dissolve into nothingness; on the other hand, however, it establishes salvation. The future does then indeed promise eschatological redemption, but this redemption is simultaneously defined as the eternally existing present. For Augustine, eternity is the foundation upon which time is built and sustained. Time is the means by which redemptive history is fulfilled.
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