Bees produce their venom in their venom glands, schematically described in the figure left. The BV is secreted in a branched acid gland (above) and in the alkaline Dufour’s gland (below), in the whole BV both secretions are mixed.New born bees do not sting. Venom synthesis begins after two or three days, while the maximal production rate is reached when bees are two to three weeks old. Older worker bees produce less venom. One sting contains about 100 g of dry BV.Drones do not have stings, while bee queens have BV, its maximum quantity being that of newly emerged queens, in order to facilitate their fight for survival against competing queens.
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