solids is discussed later in subsequent subchapters, and individual superacid systems
are discussed in Chapter 2.
1.4. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR ACIDITY MEASUREMENTS
(PROTIC ACIDS)
From Eq. (1.14) it is apparent that the main experimental difficulty in determining
acidities is the estimation of the ratio between the free base and its protonated ionic
form of a series of indicators, their so-called ionization ratios.
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