Metastatic bone cancer is a common and severe complication in advanced disease. It develops in up to 70% of patients with prostate cancer and breast cancer, and in up to 30% of those with cancers of the lung, bladder, and thyroid. The major complications associated with bone involvement are severe pain, spinal cord compression, and pathological fracture — all of which restrict mobility and sleep, greatly reducing the patient’s quality of life. The scale of the clinical problem is substantial, since cancers of the prostate, breast, and lung account for about 45% of cancers in all sites. Bone lesions are commonly radiographically classified as osteolytic, when bone destruction arises by the action of osteoclasts (as seen in patients with breast cancer), or osteoblastic, which predominatesin prostate cancer and is characterized by sclerosis. However, a mixed pattern is common in many lesions, and marker studies suggest that both resorption and formation occur simultaneously. 1.2. Pathophysiology of bone pain
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..