Soils are natural expressions of the environment in which they were formed. They are derived from an infinite variety of materials that have been subjected to a wide spectrum of climatic conditions. Soil development is influenced by the topography on which soils occur, the plant and animal life which they support and the amount of time which they have been exposed to these conditions.Soi1 scientists recognize five major factors that influence soil formation: 1) parent material, 2) climate, 3) living organisms (especially native vegetation), 4) topography and 5) time. The combined influence of these soil-forming factors determines the properties of a soil and their degree of expression (fig. 2).
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