3.4.2 Transmission ModesP a r a l l e l Parallel transmission is the way the internal transfer of binary data takesplace inside a computer. If the internal structure of the computer is 8 bit, then all 8 bitsof the data element are transferred between main memory and the central processingunit simultaneously on 8 separate connections. The same is true of computers that use a32-bit structure; all 32 bits are transferred simultaneously on 32 connections.Figure 3.16 shows how all 8 bits of one character could travel down a parallelcommunication circuit. The circuit is physically made up of 8 separate wires, wrappedin one outer coating. Each physical wire is used to send 1 bit of the 8-bit character.However, as far as the user is concerned (and the network for that matter), there is onlyone circuit; each of the wires inside the cable bundle simply connects to a different partof the plug that connects the computer to the bundle of wire.S e r i a l Serial transmission means that a stream of data is sent over a communicationcircuit sequentially in a bit-by-bit fashion as shown in Figure 3.17. In this case, there isonly one physical wire inside the bundle and all data must be transmitted over that onephysical wire. The transmitting device sends one bit, then a second bit, and so on, untilall the bits are transmitted. It takes n iterations or cycles to transmit n bits. Thus, serialtransmission is considerably slower than parallel transmission—eight times slower in thecase of 8-bit ASCII (because there are 8 bits). Compare Figure 3.17 with Figure 3.16.
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