Nguồn gốc của niềm tin chỉnh sửaCác ví dụ của niềm tin đã được tìm thấy trong cổ Assyria/Babylon bằng văn bản. [7] lunatic thuật ngữ chính nó trong tiếng Latinh bắt nguồn từ từ luna, có nghĩa là "Mặt Trăng". [8]Bối cảnh chỉnh sửaYêu cầu bồi thường của một kết nối mặt trăng đã xuất hiện trong bối cảnh sau đây:Chỉnh sửa khả năng sinh sảnNó rộng rãi tin rằng mặt trăng có một mối quan hệ với khả năng sinh sản do tương ứng của con người chu kỳ kinh nguyệt, mà trung bình 28 ngày. [7] Tuy nhiên, không có mối liên hệ giữa nhịp điệu âm lịch và bắt đầu kinh nguyệt đã được conclusively chứng để tồn tại, và tương tự trong chiều dài giữa hai chu kỳ là rất có thể do sự ngâu hợp. [9]Hành vi sinh sản chỉnh sửaCalifornia Grunion cá có một bất thường giao phối và sinh sản nghi lễ trong những tháng mùa xuân và mùa hè. Đẻ trứng diễn ra trên bốn đêm liên tiếp, bắt đầu từ ngày đêm đầy đủ và mặt trăng mới, khi thủy triều cao nhất. [10] Tuy nhiên, đây là một chiến lược sinh sản cũng hiểu là liên quan đến thủy triều hơn là để giai đoạn âm lịch. Nó sẽ xảy ra để tương ứng với giai đoạn Mặt Trăng bởi vì thủy triều cao nhất khi mặt trời, trái đất và mặt trăng được liên kết, tức là, lúc trăng mới hoặc trăng tròn.Chỉnh sửa tỷ lệ sinhThree studies carried out between 1959 and 1973 reported a 1 percent increase in births in New York following a full moon.[citation needed] However, multiple studies have found no connection between birth rate and lunar phases. A 1957 analysis of 9,551 births in Danville, PA, found no correlation between birth rate and the phase of the moon.[11] Records of 11,961 live births and 8,142 natural births (not induced by drugs or cesarean section) over a 4-year period (1974-1978) at the UCLA hospital did not correlate in any way with the cycle of lunar phases.[12] Analysis of 3,706 spontaneous births (excluding births resulting from induced labor) in 1994 showed no correlation with lunar phase.[13] The distribution of 167,956 spontaneous vaginal deliveries, at 37 to 40 weeks gestation, in Phoenix, AZ, between 1995 and 2000, showed no relationship with lunar phase.[14] Analysis of 564,039 births (1997 to 2001) in North Carolina showed no predictable influence of the lunar cycle on deliveries or complications.[15] Analysis of 6,725 deliveries (2000 to 2006) in Hannover revealed no significant correlation of birth rate to lunar phases.[16] A 2001 analysis of 70,000,000 birth records from the National Center for Health Statistics revealed no correlation between birth rate and lunar phase.[17] An extensive review of 21 studies from 7 different countries showed that the majority of studies reported no relationship to lunar phase, and that the positive studies were inconsistent with each other.[2] A review of 6 additional studies from 5 different countries similarly showed no evidence of relationship between birth rate and lunar phase.[18]Mất máu chỉnh sửaĐó là đôi khi yêu cầu bác sĩ phẫu thuật được sử dụng để từ chối để hoạt động trên mặt trăng đầy đủ bởi vì nguy cơ gia tăng của cái chết của bệnh nhân thông qua mất máu. [19] [không có trong một số dẫn nguồn cho] [cần dẫn nguồn] Một nghiên cứu, tại Barcelona, Tây Ban Nha, tìm thấy một sự tương quan thống kê quan trọng giữa giai đoạn âm lịch và nhập viện do chảy máu đường tiêu hóa, nhưng chỉ khi so sánh rằm ngày để tất cả các ngày trăng phòng không làm tròn gộp lại với nhau. [19] ý nghĩa thống kê của các kết quả sẽ biến mất nếu một so sánh ngày 29 của chu kỳ âm lịch (Trăng tròn) vào ngày 9, 12, 13, hay 27 của chu kỳ âm lịch, có một số lượng nhập viện gần như tương đương. Các nhà nghiên cứu thừa nhận rằng các biến thể rộng số lượng nhập học trong suốt chu kỳ âm lịch giới hạn việc giải thích của các kết quả. [19]Tháng 10 năm 2009, chính trị gia người Anh, David Tredinnick khẳng định rằng trong thời gian Trăng tròn "[s] urgeons sẽ không hoạt động vì máu đông máu là không hiệu quả và cảnh sát đã đưa nhiều người trên đường phố.". [20] một phát ngôn viên của Royal College of Surgeons nói họ sẽ "cười đầu" đề nghị họ có thể không hoạt động ở mặt trăng đầy đủ. [21]Hành vi con người chỉnh sửaTwo studies found evidence that those with mental disorders generally exhibit periods of increased violent or aggressive episodes during the full moon,[22][23] but a more recent study found no such correlation.[24] An analysis of mental-health data found a significant effect of moon phases, but only on schizophrenic patients.[25] Such effects are not necessarily related directly to the behavior of the moon. A study into epilepsy found a significant negative correlation between the mean number of seizures and the fraction of the moon illuminated by the sun, but this correlation disappeared when the local clarity of the night sky was controlled for, suggesting that it was the brightness of the night that influenced the occurrence of epileptic seizures.[26]A 1978 review of the literature found that lunar phases and human behavior are not related.[27]Law and order EditSenior police officers in Brighton, UK announced in June 2007 that they were planning to deploy more officers over the summer to counter trouble they believe is linked to the lunar cycle.[28] This followed research by the Sussex Police force that concluded there was a rise in violent crime when the moon was full. A spokeswoman for the police force said "research carried out by us has shown a correlation between violent incidents and full moons". A police officer responsible for the research told the BBC that "From my experience of 19 years of being a police officer, undoubtedly on full moons we do seem to get people with sort of strange behavior - more fractious, argumentative."[29]Police in Ohio and Kentucky have blamed temporary rises in crime on the full moon.[30][31][32] In January 2008, New Zealand's Justice Minister Annette King suggested that a spate of stabbings in the country could have been caused by the lunar cycle.[33]A reported correlation between moon phase and the number of homicides in Dade County was found, through later analysis, not to be supported by the data and to have been the result of inappropriate and misleading statistical procedures.[3]Politics EditIt was suggested, by Guy Cramer, president of the aerospace science company United Dynamics Corp, that the full moon might have influenced voter behavior in the US 2000 Presidential Election.[34]Sleep quality EditA July 2013 study carried out at the University of Basel in Switzerland suggests a correlation between the full moon and human sleep quality.[5] Professor Cajochen and colleagues presented evidence that a lunar rhythm can modulate sleep structure in humans when measured under the highly controlled conditions of a circadian laboratory study protocol without time cues. Studying 33 volunteer subjects, the researchers found that subjective and objective measures of sleep varied according to lunar phase and thus may reflect human circalunar rhythmicity. Stringently controlled laboratory conditions, in a cross-sectional setting, were employed to exclude confounding effects such as increased light at night or the potential bias in perception. Measures of lunar influence on sleep structure, electroencephalographic activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), and secretion of the hormones melatonin and cortisol, were retrospectively analyzed. At no point, during and after the study, were volunteers or investigators aware of the posteriori analysis relative to lunar phase. Around full moon it was found that electroencephalogram (EEG) delta activity during NREM sleep, an indicator of deep sleep, decreased by 30%, time to fall asleep increased by five minutes, and EEG-assessed total sleep duration was reduced by 20 minutes. These changes were associated with a decrease in subjective sleep quality and diminished endogenous melatonin levels.[5] Cajochen said: "The lunar cycle seems to influence human sleep, even when one does not 'see' the Moon and is not aware of the actual moon phase." [35]There are suggestions that the 2013 Cajochen study is faulty because of a relatively small sample size and inappropriate controls for gender and sex.[6] A 2014 study with a larger sample size and better experimental controls found no effect of the lunar phase on sleep quality metrics.[6]Meta-analyses EditA meta-analysis of thirty-seven studies that examined relationships between the moon's four phases and human behavior revealed no significant correlation. The authors found that, of twenty-three studies that had claimed to show correlation, nearly half contained at least one statistical error.[1][3] Similarly, in a review of twenty studies examining correlations between Moon phase and suicides, most of the twenty studies found no correlation, and the ones that did report positive results were inconsistent with each other.[3]In animals EditCorrelation between hormonal changes in the testis and lunar periodicity was found in streamlined spinefoot, which spawns synchronously around the last moon quarter.[36] In orange-spotted spinefoot, lunar phases affect the levels of melatonin in the blood.[36]In insects, the lunar cycle may affect hormonal changes early in phylogenesis.[36] The body weight of honeybees peaks during new moon.[36] Spawning of coral Platygyra lamellina occurs at night during the summer on a date determined by the phase of the moon; in the Red Sea, this is the three to five day period around the new moon in July and the similar period in August.[37] Evidence for lunar effect in reptiles, birds and mammals is either lacking or scant.[36]Proposed explanations EditBelievers in the lunar theory suggest several different mechanisms by which the behaviour of the moon could influence the behaviour of human beings. A common suggestion is that, since the moon affects large bodies of water such as the ocean (a phenomenon known as "tidal force"), the moon should be expected to have an analogous effect on human beings, whose bodies contain a great deal of water.
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