."General Grant" redirects here. For other uses, see General Grant (disambiguation).General of the ArmyUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpgGrant during the mid-1870s18th President of the United StatesIn officeMarch 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877Vice President Schuyler Colfax (1869–1873)Henry Wilson (1873–1875)None (1875–1877)Preceded by Andrew JohnsonSucceeded by Rutherford B. Hayes6th Commanding General of the United States ArmyIn officeMarch 9, 1864 – March 4, 1869President Abraham Lincoln Andrew JohnsonPreceded by Henry W. HalleckSucceeded by William Tecumseh ShermanPersonal detailsBorn Hiram Ulysses GrantApril 27, 1822Point Pleasant, Ohio, U.S.Died July 23, 1885 (aged 63)Wilton, New York, U.S.Resting place General Grant National MemorialManhattan, New YorkPolitical party Democratic National Union RepublicanSpouse(s) Julia Dent (m. 1848)Children Frederick, Ulysses Jr., Nellie, and JesseAlma mater United States Military AcademyOccupation soldier, politicianReligion Nondenominational ProtestantSignature Cursive signature in inkMilitary serviceAllegiance United States of AmericaService/branch United States ArmyUnion ArmyYears of service 1839–18541861–1869Rank US Army General insignia (1866).svg General of the ArmyCommands Company F, 4th Infantry21st Illinois Infantry RegimentDistrict of Southeast MissouriDistrict of CairoArmy of the TennesseeDivision of the MississippiUnited States ArmyBattles/wars Mexican–American WarAmerican Civil WarUlysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg This article is part of a seriesaboutUlysses S. GrantEarly life and careerAmerican Civil War ServicePost-war army serviceGeneral of the Army (United States)President of the United StatesPresidency Scandals Reforms Peace Policy Judicial AppointmentsPost-PresidencyLater life Memoirs Tomb Memorial Depictionsv t eUlysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–77). As Commanding General of the United States Army (1864–69), Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. He implemented Congressional Reconstruction, often at odds with Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson. Twice elected president, Grant led the Republicans in their effort to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery, protect African-American citizenship, and support economic prosperity nationwide. His presidency has often come under criticism for shielding corrupt associates and for his conservative response to a severe economic national depression starting in his second term.Grant graduated in 1843 from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, served in the Mexican–American War and initially retired in 1854. He struggled financially in civilian life. When the Civil War began in 1861, he rejoined the U.S. Army. In 1862, Grant took control of Kentucky and most of Tennessee, and led Union forces to victory in the Battle of Shiloh, earning a reputation as an aggressive commander. He incorporated displaced African American slaves into the Union war effort. In July 1863, after a series of coordinated battles, Grant defeated Confederate armies and seized Vicksburg, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy in two. After his victories in the Chattanooga Campaign, Lincoln promoted him to lieutenant-general and Commanding General of the United States Army in March 1864. Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of bloody battles, trapping Lee's army in their defense of Richmond. Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns in other theaters. In April 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the war. Historians have hailed Grant's military genius, and his strategies are featured in military history textbooks, but a minority contend that he won by brute force rather than superior strategy.[1]After the Civil War, Grant led the army's supervision of Reconstruction in the former Confederate states. Elected president in 1868 and reelected in 1872, Grant stabilized the nation during the turbulent Reconstruction period, prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan, and enforced civil and voting rights laws using the army and the Department of Justice. He used the army to build the Republican Party in the South, based on black voters, Northern newcomers ("carpetbaggers"), and native Southern white supporters ("scalawags"). After the disenfranchisement of some former Confederates, Republicans gained majorities and African Americans were elected to Congress and high state offices. In his second term, the Republican coalitions in the South splintered and were defeated one by one as redeemers (conservative whites) regained control using coercion and violence. Grant's Indian peace policy initially reduced frontier violence, but is b
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