Alloxan was originally prepared by the oxidation of uric acid by nitric acid. The monohydrate is simultaneously prepared by oxidation of barbituric acid by chromium trioxide.15 Moreover, alloxan has been regarded as a strong oxidizing agent that forms a hemiacetal with its reduced reaction product; dialuric acid, in which a carbonyl group is reduced to a hydroxyl group, that is called alloxantin.16 The drug has been noted to exert its diabetogenic action when administered parenterally, i.e., intravenously, intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Furthermore, the dose of alloxan required for inducing diabetes depends on the animal species, route of administration and nutritional status.17 Moreover, alloxan has been demonstrated to be non-toxic to the human beta-cells, even in very high doses, the reason of which may be attributed to the differing glucose uptake mechanisms in humans and rodents.18-19
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