Intensive care units are often the epicenter of ESBL pro- duction in hospitals—in one large outbreak, more than 40% af all the hospital’s ESBL-producing organisms were from pa- tients in intensive care units (147). As was noted in the pre- ESBL era, neonatal intensive care units can also be a focus of infections with multiply resistant klebsiellae (6, 38, 121, 217,348, 386, 387, 408). Intensive care units in tertiary referral hospitals may acquire patients already colonized with ESBL- producing organisms, thereby triggering an outbreak of infec- tion (147, 363, 364).Transfer of genotypically related ESBLs from hospital to hospital within a single city (40, 256, 351, 439), from city to city(439), and from country to country (128, 147, 365, 439) has been documented. A notable clone has been an SHV-4-pro- ducing, serotype K-25 isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae which has spread to multiple hospitals in France and Belgium (439). Another notable dissemination has been of a TEM-24-produc- ing Enterobacter aerogenes clone in France, Spain, and Belgium (68, 108, 119). Intercontinental transfer has also been de-scribed (365).Although ESBL-producing organisms can be introduced into intensive care units, epidemics of infection from intensive care units to other parts of the hospital have been well docu- mented to occur (37, 182, 363). Likewise, ESBLs may sponta- neously evolve outside of the intensive care unit. Units noted to have been affected by outbreaks include neurosurgical (37), burns (339), renal (131), obstetrics and gynecology (132), he-matology và ung thư (163, 270), và đơn vị lão (149, 268). Nhà điều dưỡng và cơ sở chăm sóc mãn tính cũng có thể tập trung của bệnh nhiễm trùng với ESBL-sản xuất các sinh vật. Trong các cài đặt, vô tính lây lan cũng đã ghi thành tài liệu (54, 343, 419).
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
