Honeybee viruses have had a high pro-file in recent years due to their associationwith Varroa destructor Anderson and Truemanin colony collapses (Allen and Ball, 1996;Ball, 1997; Ball and Bailey, 1997; Nordströmet al., 1999; Martin, 2001; Bakonyi et al.,2002; Sumpter and Martin, 2004) and inrisk analysis for third country imports underthe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade– World Trade Organisation (GATT-WTO)sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) agreements(Brown, 1999; Wehling, 2000). Despite this,many of the bee viruses have only recentlybeen sequenced (Ghosh et al., 1999; Govanet al., 2000; Leat et al., 2000), and the nomenclatureestablished (Van Regenmortel et al.,2000; Mayo, 2002), but crucially,
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