Terpenoid biosynthesis involves mostly head to tailaddition of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, the active C5isoprene unit), to its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate(DMAPP) synthesizing geranyl diphosphate (GPP, C10).Further, condensation of enzyme-bound geranyl diphosphatewith additional IPP units forms successively largerprenyl diphosphates e.g. farnesyl diphosphate (FPP, C15),geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP, C20), that might undergocyclization, coupling and/or rearrangement to producethe parent carbon skeleton of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes(figure 1; Singh et al 1989; McGarvey and Croteau1995; Luthra et al 1999b).
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