ExperimentPlantArtichoke (Cynara sc

Experiment
Plant
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L. family Compositae) leaves and roots are the residue
from fresh handling processing of artichoke hearts. Artichoke was purchased from local
market (Cairo, Egypt). Artichoke wastes used in the present study were designated infusion,
water and methanol extraction.
Extraction Protocols
Infusion: 100 g of artichoke wastes (fresh leaves and roots) were extracted with
boiling water for 10 minutes. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure at 55 °C.
Methanol Extract. 100 g of artichoke waste either leaves or roots (fresh weight) were
extracted with cold methanol for 5 days. The extract was filtered, and the methanol was
removed under reduced pressure at 40 °C.
Water extract: A quantity of 100 g of either leaves or roots was subjected to
extraction by maceration with cold water for 5 days. The filtrate was evaporated under
reduced pressure at 55 °C.
Chemicals
Folin–ciocalteu, gallic acid, 1, 1-diphenyl 1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH0
), BHA and
TBHQ were purchased from sigma. Methanol was of HPLC grade. β -carotene, chloroform,
linoleic acid, Silymarin and silybin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Determination of total phenolic content (TPC) assay
The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined in all the extracts and fractions
following the Folin-Ciocalteu method (Singleton and Rossi, 1965). The reaction mixture was
composed of 0.1 ml extract (1 or 10 mg/ml, depending on the activity), 7.9 ml distilled water,
0.5 ml of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and 1.5 ml of a 20% sodium carbonate anhydrous solution
(added 2 min after the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent). After initial mixing the opaque flasks were
allowed to stand for 2 h. The optical density of the blue-coloured samples was measured at
765 nm. The total phenolic content was determined as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and
European Scientific Journal February 2013 edition vol.9, No.6 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
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values are expressed as mg of gallic acid/g of extract (in GAE). Results were the mean ± SD
of 3 determinations of each extract.
Determination of total antiradical