(A) Atrial systole(B) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction(C) Rapid ventricular ejection(D) Reduced ventricular ejection(E) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation(F) Rapid ventricular filling(G) Reduced ventricular fillingQuestions 31 and 32A 17-year-old boy is brought to the emergencydepartment after being injured in an automo-bile accident and sustaining significant bloodloss. He is given a transfusion of 3 units ofblood to stabilize his blood pressure.31. Before the transfusion, which of the fol-lowing was true about his condition?(A) His total peripheral resistance (TPR)was decreased(B) His heart rate was decreased(C) The firing rate of his carotid sinusnerves was increased(D) Sympathetic outflow to his heart andblood vessels was increased32. Which of the following is a consequence ofthe decrease in blood volume in this patient?(A) Increased renal perfusion pressure(B) Increased circulating levels ofangiotensin II(C) Decreased renal Na+ reabsorption(D) Decreased renal K+ secretion33. A 37-year-old woman suffers a severehead injury in a skiing accident. Shortlythereafter, she becomes polydipsic andpolyuric. Her urine osmolarity is 75 mOsm/L,and her serum osmolarity is 305 mOsm/L.Treatment with 1-deamino-8-D-argininevasopressin (dDAVP) causes an increase inher urine osmolarity to 450 mOsm/L. Whichdiagnosis is correct?(A) Primary polydipsia(B) Central diabetes insipidus(C) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus(D) Water deprivation(E) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretichormone (SIADH)34. Which diuretic inhibits Na+ reabsorptionand K+ secretion in the distal tubule by act-ing as an aldosterone antagonist?(A) Acetazolamide(B) Chlorothiazide(C) Furosemide(D) Spironolactone35. Which gastrointestinal secretion has acomponent that is required for the intestinalabsorption of vitamin B12?(A) Saliva(B) Gastric secretion(C) Pancreatic secretion(D) Bile36. Secretion of which of the following hor-mones is stimulated by extracellular fluidvolume expansion?(A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)(B) Aldosterone(C) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)(D) 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol(E) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)37. Which step in the steroid hormone syn-thetic pathway is stimulated by angiotensin II?(A) Aldosterone synthase(B) Aromatase(C) Cholesterol desmolase(D) 17,20-Lyase(E) 5α-Reductase
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