100:00:18,440 --> 00:00:21,318NARRA

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NARRATOR:
The call goes out for Jihad - Holy War.

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Germany hoped her new ally Turkey
would do just what it was told,

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and the Allies thought Turkey
would be a pushover.

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But the war in the Middle East
went its own, wild way.

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The Kaiser had been cultivating
the Ottoman Empire long before the war began.

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He wore a fez on state visits.

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He was nicknamed Haji Wilhelm,

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following rumours that he had become a Muslim
and made the pilgrimage to Mecca.

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The 300 million Muslims scattered
across the globe can be assured

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that the German Emperor is
and will at all times remain their friend

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Part of Germany's interest in Ottoman Turkey
was that they shared a common enemy: Russia.

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Turkey's position, controlling
the Dardanelle Straits, gave her the power

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to lock Russia up in the Black Sea.

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And Turkey shared a volatile border with Russia
in the Caucasus.

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Russia is the hereditary enemy
of the Ottoman Empire

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and her greatest desire
is the possession of Constantinople

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The Ottoman Empire once stretched from
the Arabian Peninsula to the gates of Vienna.

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But it had lost a third of its territory
in a run of disastrous wars.

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The Ottoman Empire was the sick man of
Europe, broke and on the verge of collapse.

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The great powers have grasped us
by the throat

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The Government can't pay monthly salaries

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All the public services are under the control
of privileged foreign capital

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It would be very easy for a patriot
to go out of his mind

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But one group of nationalist reformers planned
to stop the rot - the Young Turks.

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In 1909, they replaced the Sultan
with his brother as a puppet,

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and started a programme of modernisation.

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They looked for an ally
to ward off predators and bankroll the future.

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The ambitious Minister of War
favoured Germany.

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Just 32 years old,
Enver Pasha had risen through the ranks,

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married the Sultan's niece,

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and lived in splendour in Constantinople,
also known as Istanbul.

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Enver Pasha had been military attaché in Berlin.

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The Germans had the power
his country needed.

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I watched a parade of 33 000 German soldiers

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It was so excellent it makes one's mouth water

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The reason I love Germany is not sentimentality

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but the fact that she is not a danger
to my beloved country

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On the contrary
our two countries' interests go hand in hand

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Chief of the German General Staff,
Helmuth von Moltke, ruled out Turkey as an ally.

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Turkey is militarily a non-entity

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If Turkey was described before as a sick man
it must now be described as a dying man

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The flamboyant Baron Max von Oppenheim
made the Kaiser think again.

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An archaeologist and consular official,

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Oppenheim passed himself off
as an Islamic expert.

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He was also a German agent.

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He advocated a Holy War
to bring down the British Empire.

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When the Turks invade Egypt and India
is set ablaze with the flames of revolt

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only then will England crumble

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For England is at her most vulnerable
in her colonies

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By the outbreak of war, the Kaiser had come to
see Jihad as the way to ferment revolution

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among the millions of Muslims under British rule.

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Our consul and agents in Turkey and India

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must inflame the whole
Mohammedan world to wild uprising

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for if we are to be bled to death
at last England shall lose India

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The Ottoman Empire had found its ally
Germany.

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Enver bypassed the Turkish cabinet,

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secretly signing an alliance
on 2 August 1914,

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while maintaining a public stance of neutrality.

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Constantinople became the jump-off point
for subversion to set the East ablaze.

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The German Embassy became a hive
of Oppenheim's raffish spies.

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One group arrived from Berlin
disguised as a travelling circus.

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The word was, the Emir of Afghanistan
had 50,000 Muslims ready to invade India.

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The circus slipped out of Constantinople
bound for Afghanistan, if only they could find it.

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One of the Turks on the mission
was Huseyin Rauf.

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What do we know
about Afghanistan beyond its name?

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I can't even visualise its place on the map

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I don't know how to get there

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Do I go via America?

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The irony was that Enver Pasha and the
Young Turks weren't fanatical believers at all.

70
00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:27,158
They went along with Germany's Jihad idea
out of opportunism.

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What Enver wanted was to draw together the
Turkic peoples of the East into a new empire.

72
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Enver had an army of 800,000, mainly from
Anatolia, but also Arabs, Macedonians, Kurds.

73
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It was thought to be a spent force,
but Enver had reformed it.

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Germany trained it.

75
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Very considerable progress is being made
in the Ottoman Army's efficiency

76
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The Turkih forces must now be regarded
as a factor to be taken seriously into account

77
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But Turkey still had not publicly declared herself
as Germany's ally.

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And her cabinet was split over whether to fight.

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But Turkey was desperate for money.

80
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So the Germans decided to sweeten the deal,
and force the Turks' hand.

81
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Two of Germany's cruisers,
the Göben and the Breslau,

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were being chased across the
Mediterranean by the Royal Navy.

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Rather conveniently, they took refuge
in Constantinople on 11 August 1914.

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The presence of two German cruisers
riding proudly at anchor by the Golden Horn

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undermined the Turk's pretence at neutrality.

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So they shrugged,

87
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and told the world they had bought the ships.

88
00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:05,954
Their German crews were given fezzes to wear.

89
00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:10,797
Their fancy-dress antics
were the talk of Constantinople.

90
00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:16,393
The Göben sailed up the Bosporus
halted in front of the Russian Embassy

91
00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:22,032
Officers and men solmnly removed their
Turkih fezzes and put on German caps

92
00:09:22,760 --> 00:09:25,274
The band played Deutschland Uber Alles

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Deutschland Uber Alles

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When they had spent an hour or two
serenading the Russian Ambassador

95
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they put on their fezzes then picked up anchor

96
00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:42,474
leaving in the ears of the Russian diplomat
the dying strains of German war songs

97
00:09:56,240 --> 00:10:00,631
The Turkish fleet, led by the Göben
and the Breslau, steamed out of the Bosporus.

98
00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:07,960
On 29 October 1914,
they attacked several Russian ports.

99
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Enver Pasha had the gateway
to the Black Sea mined.

100
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The Germans paid over £5 million in gold,
securing Turkey as their ally.

101
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Turkey had joined in the First World War,

102
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pretty much on her own terms,
and with her own agenda.

103
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The Persian Muslims are threatening trouble

104
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There is a dry wind blowing through the East
and the parched grasses wait th

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

100:00:18, 440--> 00:00:21, 318NGƯỜI KỂ CHUYỆN:Cuộc gọi đi ra ngoài cho Jihad - Thánh chiến.200:00:22, 360--> 00:00:26, 114Đức hy vọng của cô đồng minh mới Thổ Nhĩ Kỳsẽ làm chỉ những gì nó đã nói,300:00:26, 200--> 00:00:28, 919và đồng minh nghĩ rằng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳsẽ dành một.400:00:30, 040--> 00:00:33, 237Nhưng cuộc chiến ở trung đôngđã đi con đường hoang dã của riêng, của nó.500:01:11, 400--> 00:01:16, 110Kaiser đã nuôi trồngĐế quốc Ottoman lâu trước khi chiến tranh bắt đầu.600:01:16, 200--> 00:01:18, 714Ông mặc một Fès lần ghé thăm nhà nước.700:01:18, 800--> 00:01:20, 631Ông được đặt tên là Haji Wilhelm,800:01:20, 720--> 00:01:24, 349sau tin đồn rằng ông đã trở thành một người Hồi giáovà thực hiện cuộc hành hương đến Mecca.900:01:24, 440--> 00:01:29, 639300 triệu người Hồi giáo nằm rải ráctrên toàn cầu có thể yên tâm1000:01:29, 720--> 00:01:34, 669Hoàng đế Đức làvà mọi lúc sẽ vẫn còn bạn bè của họ1100:01:37, 120--> 00:01:41, 910Một phần quan tâm của Đức tại Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ Ottomanlà rằng họ chia sẻ một kẻ thù chung: liên bang Nga.1200:01:45, 800--> 00:01:49, 349Vị trí của Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, kiểm soáteo biển Dardanelle, đã cho mình sức mạnh1300:01:49, 440--> 00:01:51, 271để khóa Nga ở biển đen.1400:01:52, 360--> 00:01:55, 591Và Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ chia sẻ một biên giới dễ bay hơi với liên bang Ngatại vùng Kavkaz.1500:01:58, 720--> 00:02:02, 235Nga là kẻ thù di truyềnĐế quốc Ottoman1600:02:02, 320--> 00:02:06, 074và mong muốn lớn nhất của mìnhlà sở hữu của Constantinople1700:02:10, 240--> 00:02:15, 030Đế quốc Ottoman sau khi kéo dài từbán đảo ả Rập để các cửa của Vienna.1800:02:15, 120--> 00:02:19, 159Nhưng nó đã mất một phần ba lãnh thổtrong một hoạt động của cuộc chiến tranh thảm họa.1900:02:23, 600--> 00:02:28, 799Đế quốc Ottoman là người đàn ông bị bệnh củaChâu Âu, đã phá vỡ và trên bờ vực của sự sụp đổ.2000:02:33, 760--> 00:02:38, 038Các cường quốc đã nắm chúng tôibởi cổ họng2100:02:38, 120--> 00:02:40, 156Chính phủ không thể trả tiền hàng tháng tiền lương2200:02:40, 240--> 00:02:43, 994Tất cả các dịch vụ công cộng dưới sự kiểm soátđặc quyền nước ngoài vốn2300:02:44, 080--> 00:02:47, 789Nó sẽ là rất dễ dàng cho một người yêu nướcđể đi ra khỏi tâm trí của mình2400:02:50, 400--> 00:02:55, 474Nhưng một nhóm các nhà cải cách quốc gia lên kế hoạchđể ngăn chặn rot - trẻ người Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ.2500:02:56, 520--> 00:03:00, 115Năm 1909, họ thay thế vuavới anh trai của ông là một con rối,2600:03:00, 200--> 00:03:02, 555và bắt đầu một chương trình hiện đại hóa.2700:03:09, 680--> 00:03:13, 468Họ đã tìm kiếm một đồng minhđể tránh kẻ thù và bankroll tương lai.2800:03:20, 760--> 00:03:23, 399Bộ trưởng chiến tranh đầy tham vọngĐức ưa thích.2900:03:23, 480--> 00:03:27, 075Chỉ cần 32 tuổi,Enver Pasha đã tăng qua các cấp bậc,3000:03:27, 160--> 00:03:28, 832kết hôn với cháu gái của Sultan,3100:03:28, 920--> 00:03:32, 879and lived in splendour in Constantinople,also known as Istanbul.3200:03:35,920 --> 00:03:39,151Enver Pasha had been military attaché in Berlin.3300:03:39,240 --> 00:03:42,198The Germans had the powerhis country needed.3400:03:44,280 --> 00:03:48,478I watched a parade of 33 000 German soldiers3500:03:48,560 --> 00:03:50,949It was so excellent it makes one's mouth water3600:03:53,120 --> 00:03:55,839The reason I love Germany is not sentimentality3700:03:55,920 --> 00:03:59,833but the fact that she is not a dangerto my beloved country3800:03:59,920 --> 00:04:04,869On the contraryour two countries' interests go hand in hand3900:04:13,080 --> 00:04:18,279Chief of the German General Staff,Helmuth von Moltke, ruled out Turkey as an ally.4000:04:19,680 --> 00:04:23,389Turkey is militarily a non-entity4100:04:23,480 --> 00:04:29,749If Turkey was described before as a sick manit must now be described as a dying man4200:04:29,840 --> 00:04:35,153The flamboyant Baron Max von Oppenheimmade the Kaiser think again.4300:04:38,520 --> 00:04:40,829An archaeologist and consular official,4400:04:40,920 --> 00:04:43,514Oppenheim passed himself offas an Islamic expert.4500:04:44,560 --> 00:04:46,676He was also a German agent.4600:04:46,760 --> 00:04:50,958He advocated a Holy Warto bring down the British Empire.4700:04:54,480 --> 00:05:00,237Khi người Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ xâm lược Ai Cập và Ấn Độnằm cháy với ngọn lửa của cuộc nổi dậy4800:05:01, 320--> 00:05:03, 550chỉ sau đó anh sẽ sụp đổ4900:05:04, 640--> 00:05:08, 997Đối với anh là cô đặt dễ bị tổn thươngở thuộc địa của mình5000:05:18, 920--> 00:05:23, 914Bởi chiến tranh nổ ra, Kaiser đã đến đểXem Jihad như là cách để lên men cách mạng5100:05:24, 000--> 00:05:26, 673trong số hàng triệu người Hồi giáo theo anh.5200:05:31, 520--> 00:05:35, 195Chúng tôi tổng lãnh sự và các đại lý ở Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ và Ấn Độ5300:05:35, 280--> 00:05:39, 193phải làm viêm toàn bộCác thế giới Mohammedan tới cuộc nổi dậy hoang dã5400:05:40, 440--> 00:05:45, 560Nếu chúng tôi phải được bled đến chếtcuối cùng anh sẽ mất Ấn Độ5500:05:49, 240--> 00:05:52, 437Đế quốc Ottoman đã tìm thấy đồng minh của mìnhĐức.5600:05:55, 640--> 00:05:58, 074Enver bỏ qua nội các Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ,5700:05:58, 160--> 00:06:01, 789bí mật ký kết một liên minhngày 2 tháng 8 năm 1914,5800:06:01, 880--> 00:06:05, 111trong khi duy trì một lập trường khu vực của trung lập.5900:06:10, 840--> 00:06:15, 994Constantinople đã trở thành điểm minhcho subversion để đặt phía đông cháy.6000:06:19, 120--> 00:06:22, 829Đại sứ quán Đức đã trở thành một hivecủa điệp viên raffish của Oppenheim.6100:06:26, 520--> 00:06:30, 308Một trong những nhóm đến từ Berlincải trang thành một xiếc đi du lịch.6200:06:34, 680--> 00:06:39, 515Các từ là, Emir Afghanistancó 50.000 người Hồi giáo đã sẵn sàng để xâm lược Ấn Độ.6300:06:41,600 --> 00:06:46,913The circus slipped out of Constantinoplebound for Afghanistan, if only they could find it.6400:06:53,920 --> 00:06:57,117One of the Turks on the missionwas Huseyin Rauf.6500:06:58,440 --> 00:07:01,477What do we knowabout Afghanistan beyond its name?6600:07:01,560 --> 00:07:04,438I can't even visualise its place on the map6700:07:04,520 --> 00:07:06,431I don't know how to get there6800:07:07,520 --> 00:07:09,476Do I go via America?6900:07:17,200 --> 00:07:21,637The irony was that Enver Pasha and theYoung Turks weren't fanatical believers at all.7000:07:23,040 --> 00:07:27,158They went along with Germany's Jihad ideaout of opportunism.7100:07:28,200 --> 00:07:33,718What Enver wanted was to draw together theTurkic peoples of the East into a new empire.7200:07:45,560 --> 00:07:52,318Enver had an army of 800,000, mainly fromAnatolia, but also Arabs, Macedonians, Kurds.7300:07:55,720 --> 00:07:59,508It was thought to be a spent force,but Enver had reformed it.7400:07:59,600 --> 00:08:01,318Germany trained it.7500:08:05,720 --> 00:08:10,510Very considerable progress is being madein the Ottoman Army's efficiency7600:08:10,600 --> 00:08:16,072The Turkih forces must now be regardedas a factor to be taken seriously into account7700:08:18,120 --> 00:08:21,669But Turkey still had not publicly declared herselfas Germany's ally.7800:08:22,720 --> 00:08:25,359And her cabinet was split over whether to fight.7900:08:25,440 --> 00:08:27,510But Turkey was desperate for money.8000:08:29,200 --> 00:08:33,113So the Germans decided to sweeten the deal,and force the Turks' hand.8100:08:35,160 --> 00:08:38,709Two of Germany's cruisers,the Göben and the Breslau,8200:08:38,800 --> 00:08:41,837were being chased across theMediterranean by the Royal Navy.8300:08:42,880 --> 00:08:47,715Rather conveniently, they took refugein Constantinople on 11 August 1914.8400:08:49,040 --> 00:08:53,238The presence of two German cruisersriding proudly at anchor by the Golden Horn8500:08:53,320 --> 00:08:55,675undermined the Turk's pretence at neutrality.8600:08:55,760 --> 00:08:57,352So they shrugged,8700:08:57,440 --> 00:09:00,477and told the world they had bought the ships.8800:09:03,440 --> 00:09:05,954Their German crews were given fezzes to wear.8900:09:07,760 --> 00:09:10,797Their fancy-dress anticswere the talk of Constantinople.9000:09:12,400 --> 00:09:16,393The Göben sailed up the Bosporushalted in front of the Russian Embassy9100:09:16,480 --> 00:09:22,032Officers and men solmnly removed theirTurkih fezzes and put on German caps9200:09:22,760 --> 00:09:25,274The band played Deutschland Uber Alles9300:09:25,360 --> 00:09:27,316Deutschland Uber Alles9400:09:30,160 --> 00:09:33,311When they had spent an hour or twoserenading the Russian Ambassador9500:09:33,400 --> 00:09:35,994they put on their fezzes then picked up anchor9600:09:37,320 --> 00:09:42,474leaving in the ears of the Russian diplomatthe dying strains of German war songs9700:09:56,240 --> 00:10:00,631The Turkish fleet, led by the Göbenand the Breslau, steamed out of the Bosporus.9800:10:02,840 --> 00:10:07,960On 29 October 1914,they attacked several Russian ports.9900:10:10,800 --> 00:10:14,634Enver Pasha had the gatewayto the Black Sea mined.10000:10:15,680 --> 00:10:20,629The Germans paid over £5 million in gold,securing Turkey as their ally.10100:10:24,920 --> 00:10:27,229Turkey had joined in the First World War,10200:10:27,320 --> 00:10:30,392pretty much on her own terms,and with her own agenda.10300:10:50,880 --> 00:10:53,713The Persian Muslims are threatening trouble10400:10:53,800 --> 00:10:58,396There is a dry wind blowing through the Eastand the parched grasses wait th