(including the South American Indian arrow poison tubocurarine and certain snake venom toxins) thatreversibly bind to the same site without activating it are competitive antagonists. Besides the AChrecognition site, there are other places on this large membrane protein complex at which toxins canact. For instance, many small alkaloid toxins can enter the ion channel and physically plug it! Othertoxins probably bind at the interface between the polypeptide subunits and the adjacent lipid bilayer(Figure 17.1b).
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