21,15 nạn phá rừngGiao thức quản lý phải được tăng cường để ngăn chặn nạn phá rừng nhiệt đới bao gồm:1. Accelerate reforestation and afforestation of degraded forestlands and stimulate regrowth of native vegetation by managing secondary forests and adding diverse plant species. While short-rotation woody plantations provide goods, their benefits lag behind a mixture of native forest species of higher diversity which not only provide more wood and non-wood products but also are more beneficial to wildlife habitat and environmental quality protection. 2. Create protected areas of forests to conserve diversity of flora and fauna. Model forests must be established to show the best forest management practices across representative regions. 3. Increase productivity of current agricultural lands to reduce shifting cultivation, and thereby further deforestation. 4. Develop a data-base with information and guidelines pertinent to the extent of deforestation, control measures, management of tree species (e.g., selection, planting) and economic returns. Long-term economic returns from high-quality wood products from diversified natural forests can be higher than those from fast-growing trees. 5. Identify appropriate forest management scenarios and conservation strategies for a wide range of soils and climate conditions. 6. Establish agroforestry practices integrated with agricultural crops or livestock as an alternative to pure forest systems. Agroforestry systems with diversified tree species in conjunction with shade-tolerant annual crops provide diversified economic returns. 7. Monitor existing forest resources to determine rates of deforestation and restoration. 8. Use improved technologies such as remote sensing, satellital images, geographic positioning systems, process-based models, and geographic information systems to assess forest cover and degradation. 9. Develop standards, principles, and guidelines for sustainable management of forestlands. 10. Identify strategies for moving from site specific reforestation to landscape levels of reforestation. Small and site-based reforestation practices are laudable initiatives but reforestation at larger scale or landscape level is needed to effectively reverse soil degradation, conserve biodiversity, and improve farm econ- omy and the environment. 11. Validate best management practices in cleared forestlands such as reduced tillage, no-till, contour plantings, composting, cover crops, and deferred grazing. 12. Establish windbreaks, hedgerows, and riparian buffers as an integral part of forest management. Buffers are essential to reduce streambank erosion. Stream channels and sensitive areas must be fenced to reduce sediment load.
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