The rate of biodegradation is also highly dependent on the availability of
oxygen. On land, oils such as diesel can degrade rapidly at the surface, but
very slowly if at all only a few centimeters below the surface, depending on
oxygen availability. In water, oxygen levels can be so low that degradation
is limited. It is estimated that it would take all the dissolved oxygen in
approximately 400,000 L of seawater to completely degrade 1 L of oil. The
rate of degradation also depends on the availability of nutrients such as
nitrogen and phosphorus, which are most likely to be available on shorelines
or on land. Finally, the rate of biodegradation also depends on the availability
of the oil to the bacteria or microorganism. Oil degrades significantly at the
oil-water interface at sea and, on land, mostly at the interface between soil
and the oil.
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