Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects - an estimated 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity. Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed. A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase. In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.Question 45: Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?A. Their adaptation to different habitats B. Their namesC. Their physical characteristics D. Their varietyQuestion 46: The word consequence in the passage is closest in meaning to "………….".A. explanation B. result C. analysis D. requirementQuestion 47: Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they …………… .
A. are found mainly in temperate climates B. have been given scientific names
C. are simple in structure D. are viewed positively by people
Question 48: The word striking in the passage is closest in meaning to "……………..".
A. successful B. noticeable C. confusing D. physical
Question 49: The word exceed in the passage is closest in meaning to "……………".
A. come close to B. locate C. go beyond D. allow
Question 50: All of the followings are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT ……………….. .
A. migration among temperate and tropical zones
B. variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants
C. differences between temperate and tropical zones
D. patterns of distribution of species in each region
Question 51: The author mentions tropical Asia in the passage as an example of a location where ……….
A. butterflies are affected by human populations
B. documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species
C. butterfly behavior varies with climate
D. a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established
Question 52: Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?
A. Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions
B. Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups
C. European butterfly habitats
D. Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region
Question 53: The idea "little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution" is that ………… .
A. we know about butterfly evenness distribution to some extent
B. we don't know anything about butterfly evenness distribution
C. there are many other things that we don't know about butterfly evenness distribution
D. we know much about butterfly evenness distribution
Question 54: The word generated in the passage is closest in meaning to "……………".
A. caused B. assisted C. estimated D. requested
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