7. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) towards Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA): is the European Union ready?7.1. The acknowledgment of the environment concept in the firstDirectivesAt the European level, the environmental impact assessment was accepted in 1985 through the Council Directive 85/337/EEC (Table 6). The 1985 Directive was the first European Community wide instrument to provide details on the nature and scope of environmental assessment, its use and participation rights in the process. Also known as the EIA Directive, it applied to a wide range of public and private projects, which were defined in the Annexes I and II. Project listed in the former required a mandatory EIA as having significant effects on the environment. By contrast, for those listed in the latter, EIA was at the discretion of Members States that, through a case-by-case examination, decided whether an EIA was needed (EEC, 1985). The EIA Directive of 1985 was lately amended
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