To enhance the resistance of lithium-ion battery components to ignition and to reduce the flammability of the electrolyte with minimaleffect on performance, we added flame-retardant additives to the electrolyte. The flame retardants were selected from a group of organicphosphate compounds, triphenylphosphate (TPP) and tributylphosphate (TBP), to provide superior thermal safety in lithium-ion cells at thefully charged state. The cycling characteristics of the lithium-ion cells containing flame-retardant additives were found to be similar orsuperior to the cells that contained no additives. Horizontal burning tests of electrolytes were carried out in a flame test chamber referenced byUnderwriters Laboratories (UL) test standard 94 (UL 94) and ASTM D4986-98 to evaluate the electrolyes’ flammability characteristics. Thethermal stability characteristics of the electrodes and electrolytes with and without flame-retardant additives were investigated by acceleratingrate calorimetry (ARC). Negative electrode samples with electrolytes containing flame-retardant additives revealed less heat generation andhigher-onset decomposition temperatures. The results disclose that the thermal safety of lithium-ion cells can be improved by incorporatingsmall amounts of suitable additives such as triphenylphosphate and tributylphosphate to the electrolyte.#2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords:Flame retardant; High power battery; Safety; ARC
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