As models are the ultimate tools for obtaining and dealing with knowledge, not onlyin engineering, but also in philosophy, sociology and economics, a search has beenundertaken for appropriate mathematical models for hybrid systems. A whole range ofpossible model structures for hybrid systems has already been proposed. An overviewof possible modeling techniques has been given for instance in [19,24]. Mentionedare, among others,• Timed or hybrid Petri-nets, see e.g. [51];• Differential automata [195];Page 16 of 2401.1. Hybrid Systems 7• Hybrid automata [28,130];• Brockett’s model [30];• Mixed logical dynamic models [15];• Duration calculus [39]• Real-time temporal logics [1,161]• Timed communicating sequential processes [52,100]• Switched bond graphs [189]We would like to emphasize that this list is by no means exhaustive.Some of these models start from one domain (DES or differential/difference equa-tions) and include additional elements of the other domain. Hybrid automata, forinstance, are derived from finite state machines used in describing DES by replacingthe simple clock dynamics inside each discrete state by more involved differential andalgebraic equations.
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