p = perimeter of the pile section AL = incremental pile length over which p and/are taken to be constant / = unit friction resistance at any depth zThe various methods for estimating Qp and Qs are discussed in the next several sec¬tions. It needs to be reemphasized that, in the field, for full mobilization of the point resistance (Qp), the pile tip must go through a displacement of 10 to 25% of the pile width (or diameter).
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