Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gene products are pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), adhesion enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (Ahn and Aggrawal, 2005). COX-2 is induced by several stimuli, and is responsible for the production of large amounts of pro-inflammatory at the inflammatory site (Lee et al., 1992). High-output NO by iNOS can provoke deleterious consequences such as septic shock and inflammatory diseases (Titheradge, 1999; Zamora et al., 2000).Based on these observations, it has been hypothesized that inhibiting high-output NO, IL-6 and TNF-aproduction in macrophages, by blocking iNOS and COX-2 expressions or their activities, can serve as the basis for the potential development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Furthermore, nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB)-dependent gene expression plays an important role in inflammatory responses and increases the expression of genes encoding cytokines and receptors involved in pro-inflammatory enzyme pathways such as iNOS and COX-2 (Parket al., 2007a,b). Recently, many studies have demonstrated the role of phytochemicals in anti-inflammatory activity is through downregulation of the NF-jB pathway (Kunduand Surh, 2005)
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
