As discussed above, sophisticated investors require less protection from disclosure require-ments than retail investors. In the Prospectus Directive the size of the denomination of the securities is used as a rather crude proxy for the sophistication of the investors, on the basis that only sophisticated investors buy and trade large denomination securities. The critical difference is between securities with a denomination of at least €100,000 (so-called 'whole-sale' debt securities) and those with a lower denomination (so-called 'retail' debt securities). Where the securities are admitted to trading on the GEFIM and/or where there is an offer to the public so that the Prospectus Rules apply, a different, and less onerous, disclosure regime applies to wholesale debt securities (`the wholesale regime') to that applying to retail debt securities (`the retail regime'). Denomination is also relevant to whether the securities are ‘offered to the public’ within the definition in section 102B of FSMA 2000. Securities are not 'offered to the public' if they are wholesale securities or if the total consideration for the securities offered in the European Union does not exceed €100,000.