Leveraging private sector finance. There is an urgent need to leverage private sector investments to finance climate initiatives. The private sector can provide climate finance in two ways, including through: 1) a direct (cash) contribution to a national fund in the form of voluntary contribution or corporate social responsibility programs (for example, voluntary contributions of several companies directly to the EPF); or 2) a contribution to private investments in projects that aim to lower greenhouse gas emissions and/or increase climate resilience. In the case of the CCDM fund and the ENCON fund, public finance is used to leverage private sector finance for energy efficiency and climate mitigation projects. Under both funds, a contract-based cooperation model with
commercial banks is implemented, where the fund functions as seed capital to leverage private investment in bankable projects for energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission reductions.
Legal Arrangements
The establishment of a national fund requires a legal basis. The legal status of a national fund can be stipulated by a national act or law, which usually includes the governing principles of the fund (i.e. the BTFEC, the ENCON Fund, and the EPF). The governing principles are then detailed in an operation manual that will guide the financial and administration management of the fund as
well as the fiduciary standards. Based on their legal arrangements, national funds can be classified as follows:
A fund that is an extension of government administration. The management of such a fund is mandated to a government agency (which is usually stipulated by a government regulation such as an act or a law). For instance, the secretariat of the ENCON Fund is currently within a relevant government agency (Energy Policy and Planning Office). The management of the fund is in compliance with the state financial management standards. The audit process, for instance, is conducted by the central government and is similar to the audit process for other government agencies in the country. This type of fund usually does not have commercial banking capacity. Hence, if any, soft loans and other financial instruments financed by such a fund are outsourced to commercial banks.A fund that is managed by an independent body and established by a law (or a government regulation). The case of the BTFEC is an example of this type of fund. The trust fund is governed by the Royal Charter of the Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation 1996, which provides the governing principles for the BTFEC. The rules and regulations governing the day-
to-day operations of the fund are detailed in the Operation Manual issued in 2009. Although established by the Royal Charter, the BTFEC is considered as an independent grant maker guided by strategic funding framework. The Director and the secretariat staff are non-civil service positions.
A fund that takes the form of a private corporation or a non-profit organization. The MCT can be classified as this type of fund. The MCT was granted a Non-Profit Corporation Charter by the President of the Federated States of Micronesia in November 2002. Subsequently, the MCT obtained its registration as a nonprofit corporation in the Federated States of Micronesia, through a Registry Certificate issued by the Federated States of Micronesia Registrar of Corporations. The MCT adheres to policies and standards set
out in its Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws and Operation Manual as duly adopted and approved under the laws of the Federated States of Micronesia.
A multi-donor trust fund that operates like a program/project implemented by a multilateral agency. The implementation of a multi-donor trust fund (MDTF) is usually according to the rules and procedures of the host agency. For instance, the CCCA Trust Fund is managed according to the project implementation procedures of UNDP as the fund administrator. Each donor
of the CCCA Trust Fund enters into a contractual agreement with UNDP. The operational and administrative specificities of the framework for the CCCA Trust Fund are detailed in its Operational Manual.
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
