participation in the program and for investment in land improvement: this was the case in China under the Loess I Project and the Red Soils II Project, and also in Tunisia (see Box 31).Box 31: The Contribution of Land Tenure Security to Achieving Watershed Management GoalsThe China Loess I Project benefited from land tenure reforms, which created strong incentives for investment in land improvement. These reforms were part of a generally promarket agricultural policy environment that helped achieve project livelihoods objectives. Productive new technologies were available, and improved communications removed regional marketing constraints and provided farmers with countrywide market channels.The policies required are not always evident at the outset, and a progressive approach may be needed. For example, the Tunisia northwest project did not initially provide for work on land tenure issues, but the land tenure and fragmentation constraint emerged from the demand-driven process. As a result, the project started to support land consolidation of small fragmented farms. By the end of the project, a total of 2,100 ha was under review or already mapped, and titles for approximately 1,200 ha had already been issued.
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