Longitudinal PlatesPlates can be welded longitudinally or transversely to the HSS memberaxis. A longitudinal plate will always have a very low B value and hencewill be an extremely flexible connection. Figure 11.1 shows the very largeout-of-plane deformations that can be produced in the HSS connection face,for a tension-loaded longitudinal plate connection, prior to connectionfailure. The axial resistance will thus be governed by the formation of ayield line mechanism which represents a control on the connection defor-mation. This condition is reflected in the low design resistance given inTable 11.1, and has been confirmed in recent laboratory tests (Hijrenbaum1996).Limited testing to date has shown that a strength reduction factorshould be included to allow for the influence of compression forces in theHSS member on the resistance ofthe connection. Afactor f(n'), (Tables 11.1and 11.2), as used for circular HSS to HSS welded connections in Chapter3, has been found to be reasonable and conservative,
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