Uncle Tom's Cabinby Harriet Beecher

Uncle Tom's Cabin
by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on worldwide attitudes toward African-Americans and slavery. In the United States, it is widely thought to have helped intensify the sectional conflict that led to civil war.

Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Academy and an active abolitionist, focused the novel on the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering Black slave around whose life revolve the stories of other characters—both fellow slaves and slave owners.

Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel, and the second best-selling book {following the Bible}, of the 19th century and is credited with helping to fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States alone. The book's impact was so great that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the American Civil War, Lincoln is often quoted as having declared, "So this is the little lady who made this big war."

The book also helped create a number of common stereotypes about Blacks, many of which endure to this day. These include the affectionate, dark-skinned mammy; the piccaninny stereotype of black children; and the Uncle Tom, or dutiful, long-suffering servant faithful to his white master or mistress. In recent years, the negative associations with Uncle Tom's Cabin have, to an extent, overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a "vital antislavery tool."

Uncle Tom's cabin
Plot summary
Eliza escapes with her son, Tom sold "down the river"

The book opens with a Kentucky farmer named Arthur Shelby facing the loss of his farm because of debts. Even though he and his wife (Emily Shelby) believe that they have a benevolent relationship with their slaves, Shelby decides to raise the needed funds by selling two of them—Uncle Tom, a middle-aged man with a wife and children, and Harry, the son of Emily Shelby’s maid Eliza—to a slave trader. Emily Shelby hates the idea of doing this because she had promised her maid that her child would never be sold; Emily's son, George Shelby, hates to see Tom go because he sees the old man as his friend and mentor.

When Eliza overhears Mr. and Mrs. Shelby discussing plans to sell Tom and Harry, Eliza determines to run away with her son. The novel states that Eliza made this decision not because of physical cruelty, but by her fear of losing her only surviving child (she had already lost two children due to miscarriage). Eliza departs that night, leaving a note of apology to her mistress.

While all of this is happening, Uncle Tom is sold and placed on a riverboat, which sets sail down the Mississippi River. While onboard, Tom meets and befriends a young white girl named Eva. When Eva falls into the river, Tom saves her. In gratitude, Eva's father, Augustine St. Clare, buys Tom from the slave trader and takes him with the family to their home in New Orleans. During this time, Tom and Eva begin to relate to one another because of the deep Christian faith they both share.

Eliza's family hunted, Tom's life with St. Clare
During Eliza's escape, she meets up with her husband George Harris, who ran away previously. They decide to attempt to reach Canada. However, they are now being tracked by a slave hunter named Tom Loker. Eventually Loker and his men trap Eliza and her family, causing George to shoot Loker. Worried that Loker may die, Eliza convinces George to bring the slave hunter to a nearby Quaker settlement for medical treatment.

Back in New Orleans, St. Clare debates slavery with his cousin Ophelia who, while opposing slavery, is deeply prejudiced against Black people. St. Clare, however, believes he is not biased, even though he is a slave owner. In an attempt to show Ophelia that her views on Blacks are wrong, St. Clare purchases Topsy, a young black slave. St. Clare then asks Ophelia to educate Topsy.

After Tom has lived with the St. Clares for two years, Eva grows very ill. Before she dies she experiences a vision of heaven, which she shares with the people around her. As a result of her death and vision, the other characters resolve to change their lives, with Ophelia promising to love her slaves more, Topsy saying she will better herself, and St. Clare pledging to free Uncle Tom.

Tom sold to Simon Legree
Before St. Clare can follow through on his pledge, he is fatally stabbed while intervening in a fight. His wife reneges on her late husband's vow and sells Tom at auction to a vicious plantation owner named Simon Legree. Legree (who is not a native southerner but a transplanted Yankee) takes Tom to rural Louisiana, where Tom meets Legree's other slaves, including Emmeline (whom Legree purchased at the same time). Legree begins to hate Tom when Tom refuses Legree's order to whip his fellow slave. Tom receives a brutal beating, and Legree resolves to crush Tom's faith in God. But Tom refuses to stop reading his Bible and comforting the other slaves as best he can. While at the plantation, Tom meets Cassy, another of Legree's slaves. Cassy was previously separated from her son and daughter when they were sold; unable to endure the pain of seeing another child sold, she killed her third child.

At this point Tom Loker returns to the story. Loker has changed as the result of being healed by the Quakers. George, Eliza, and Harry have also obtained their freedom after crossing into Canada. In Louisiana, Uncle Tom almost succumbs to hopelessness as his faith in God is tested by the hardships of the plantation. However, he has two visions—one of Jesus and one of Eva—which renews his resolve to remain a faithful Christian, even unto death. He encourages Cassy to escape, which she does, taking Emmeline with her. When Tom refuses to tell Legree where Cassy and Emmeline have gone, Legree orders his overseers to kill Tom. As Tom is dying, he forgives the overseers who savagely beat him. Humbled by the character of the man they have killed, both men become Christians. After Tom's death, George Shelby (Arthur Shelby's son) arrives to buy Tom’s freedom, but finds he is too late.

Final Section
On their boat ride to freedom, Cassy and Emmeline meet George Harris' sister and accompany her to Canada. Once there Cassy discovers that Eliza is her long-lost daughter who was sold as a child. Now that their family is together again, they travel to France and eventually Liberia, the African nation created for former American slaves. There they meet Cassy's long-lost son. George Shelby returns to the Kentucky farm and frees all his slaves. George tells them to remember Tom's sacrifice and his belief in the true meaning of Christianity.

- See more at: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/fr/node/2225#sthash.GNUMKtdw.dpuf

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Túp lều bác tômbởi Harriet Beecher StoweUncle Tom's Cabin, hoặc cuộc sống trong the thấp kém là một tiểu thuyết chống chế độ nô lệ của tác giả người Mỹ Harriet Beecher Stowe. Xuất bản năm 1852, tiểu thuyết có một ảnh hưởng sâu sắc trên toàn thế giới Thái độ về hướng người Mỹ gốc Phi và chế độ nô lệ. Tại Hoa Kỳ, nó rộng rãi cho đã giúp tăng cường cuộc xung đột cắt đã dẫn đến cuộc nội chiến.Stowe, một giáo viên sinh Connecticut tại học viện nữ Hartford và một abolitionist hoạt động, tập trung vào tiểu thuyết trên nhân vật của Bác Tom, một nô lệ da đen bậc xung quanh cuộc sống mà xoay những câu chuyện của nhân vật khác — đồng nô lệ và chủ sở hữu nô lệ.Túp lều bác tôm là tiểu thuyết bán chạy nhất, và quyển thứ hai bán chạy nhất {theo Kinh Thánh}, thế kỷ 19 và được cho là đã giúp để tiếp nhiên liệu nguyên abolitionist trong thập niên 1850. Trong năm đầu tiên sau khi nó đã được xuất bản, 300.000 bản sao của cuốn sách đã được bán tại Hoa Kỳ một mình. Tác động của cuốn sách đã tuyệt vời như vậy rằng khi Abraham Lincoln đã gặp Stowe lúc bắt đầu của cuộc nội chiến Hoa Kỳ, Lincoln thường trích dẫn khi có tuyên bố, "vì vậy, đây là người phụ nữ ít ai đã thực hiện cuộc chiến tranh lớn này."Cuốn sách cũng đã giúp tạo ra một số các khuôn mẫu phổ biến về người da đen, nhiều trong số đó chịu đựng đến ngày nay. Chúng bao gồm mammy trìu mến, tối da; Các khuôn mẫu piccaninny đen trẻ em; và Bác Tom, hoặc hiếu thảo, lâu tôi tớ trung thành với Thạc sĩ trắng hoặc tình nhân của ông. Những năm gần đây, các Hiệp hội tiêu cực với túp lều bác tôm có, đến một mức độ, lu mờ ảnh hưởng lịch sử của cuốn sách như là một "quan trọng Quaker cụ."Túp lều bác tômTóm tắt cốt truyệnEliza thoát với con trai, Tom bán "xuôi dòng sông"Cuốn sách sẽ mở ra với một người nông dân Kentucky, tên là Arthur Shelby phải đối mặt với sự mất mát của trang trại của mình vì các khoản nợ. Mặc dù ông và vợ ông (Emily Shelby) tin rằng họ có một mối quan hệ tốt bụng với nô lệ của họ, Shelby quyết định gây quỹ cần thiết bằng cách bán hai trong số chúng — Bác Tom, một người đàn ông trung niên với một người vợ và con cái, và Harry, con trai của Emily Shelby maid Eliza — để một thương nhân nô lệ. Emily Shelby ghét ý tưởng làm điều này bởi vì cô đã hứa với cô hầu gái đứa con sẽ không bao giờ được bán; Con trai của Emily, George Shelby, ghét để xem Tom đi bởi vì ông thấy ông già như bạn bè và người cố vấn của ông.Khi Eliza vô ông và bà Shelby thảo luận về kế hoạch bán Tom và Harry, Eliza xác định chạy đi với con trai mình. Tiểu thuyết nói rằng Eliza thực hiện quyết định này không phải vì đối xử tàn ác vật lý, nhưng do cô sợ mất đứa con còn sống sót duy nhất (cô ấy đã có mất hai trẻ em do sẩy thai). Eliza khởi hành đêm hôm đó, để lại một lưu ý xin lỗi để mistress của mình.While all of this is happening, Uncle Tom is sold and placed on a riverboat, which sets sail down the Mississippi River. While onboard, Tom meets and befriends a young white girl named Eva. When Eva falls into the river, Tom saves her. In gratitude, Eva's father, Augustine St. Clare, buys Tom from the slave trader and takes him with the family to their home in New Orleans. During this time, Tom and Eva begin to relate to one another because of the deep Christian faith they both share.Eliza's family hunted, Tom's life with St. ClareDuring Eliza's escape, she meets up with her husband George Harris, who ran away previously. They decide to attempt to reach Canada. However, they are now being tracked by a slave hunter named Tom Loker. Eventually Loker and his men trap Eliza and her family, causing George to shoot Loker. Worried that Loker may die, Eliza convinces George to bring the slave hunter to a nearby Quaker settlement for medical treatment.Back in New Orleans, St. Clare debates slavery with his cousin Ophelia who, while opposing slavery, is deeply prejudiced against Black people. St. Clare, however, believes he is not biased, even though he is a slave owner. In an attempt to show Ophelia that her views on Blacks are wrong, St. Clare purchases Topsy, a young black slave. St. Clare then asks Ophelia to educate Topsy.After Tom has lived with the St. Clares for two years, Eva grows very ill. Before she dies she experiences a vision of heaven, which she shares with the people around her. As a result of her death and vision, the other characters resolve to change their lives, with Ophelia promising to love her slaves more, Topsy saying she will better herself, and St. Clare pledging to free Uncle Tom.Tom sold to Simon LegreeBefore St. Clare can follow through on his pledge, he is fatally stabbed while intervening in a fight. His wife reneges on her late husband's vow and sells Tom at auction to a vicious plantation owner named Simon Legree. Legree (who is not a native southerner but a transplanted Yankee) takes Tom to rural Louisiana, where Tom meets Legree's other slaves, including Emmeline (whom Legree purchased at the same time). Legree begins to hate Tom when Tom refuses Legree's order to whip his fellow slave. Tom receives a brutal beating, and Legree resolves to crush Tom's faith in God. But Tom refuses to stop reading his Bible and comforting the other slaves as best he can. While at the plantation, Tom meets Cassy, another of Legree's slaves. Cassy was previously separated from her son and daughter when they were sold; unable to endure the pain of seeing another child sold, she killed her third child.At this point Tom Loker returns to the story. Loker has changed as the result of being healed by the Quakers. George, Eliza, and Harry have also obtained their freedom after crossing into Canada. In Louisiana, Uncle Tom almost succumbs to hopelessness as his faith in God is tested by the hardships of the plantation. However, he has two visions—one of Jesus and one of Eva—which renews his resolve to remain a faithful Christian, even unto death. He encourages Cassy to escape, which she does, taking Emmeline with her. When Tom refuses to tell Legree where Cassy and Emmeline have gone, Legree orders his overseers to kill Tom. As Tom is dying, he forgives the overseers who savagely beat him. Humbled by the character of the man they have killed, both men become Christians. After Tom's death, George Shelby (Arthur Shelby's son) arrives to buy Tom’s freedom, but finds he is too late.Final SectionOn their boat ride to freedom, Cassy and Emmeline meet George Harris' sister and accompany her to Canada. Once there Cassy discovers that Eliza is her long-lost daughter who was sold as a child. Now that their family is together again, they travel to France and eventually Liberia, the African nation created for former American slaves. There they meet Cassy's long-lost son. George Shelby returns to the Kentucky farm and frees all his slaves. George tells them to remember Tom's sacrifice and his belief in the true meaning of Christianity.
- See more at: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/fr/node/2225#sthash.GNUMKtdw.dpuf