A Note on EfflorescenceEfflorescence is a salt deposit that forms on the surface of concrete, masonry, clay brick and porous stone. It causes unsightly white stains which can be particularly objectionable on colored concrete. Efflorescence forms when water migrates through concrete, dissolves soluble compounds (calcium hydroxide) and evaporates leaving the solids on the surface. Water, concrete permeability and soluble content determine how much and when efflorescence will occur.Control efflorescence by mixing with low water/cement ratio, use curing compound and design for less permeability. Seal against water and stop leaks. Keep de-icing salts away. Efflorescence is easy to remove with water wash if caught early. If not, it converts to calcium carbonate which is removed with a dilute acid wash that will affect the surface appearance.More Information: For more information on all aspects of good concrete construction contact:Portland Cement Association (708) 966-6200National Ready Mix Concrete Association (301) 587-1400American Concrete Institute (313) 532-2600Concrete Construction Publications (708) 543-0870Continuing Education
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