Demands of fresh water keep on increasing day by day due tothe increasing standard of life as well as advancement in industrialization. The natural freshwater reserves are no more capable of meeting the water demand in global scale due to limited availability. More and more people are having access difficulties to clean potable water, especially in developing countries. Higher cost related to constructing and maintain water treatment infrastructure worsen the water crises.The conventional distillation technologies required a lot of energies to process. As mentioned by Kalogirou [1] in his review paper, about 10,000 tonnes of oils is needed annually to produce 1000 m3/d of desalinated water. However, conventional desalination is a process that has intensive energy requirements [2, 3, 4]. The process requires high tonnage plants that use expensive and non-renewable fossil fuels and contribute to air pollution as well as global warming [5,6]. On the contrary, abundant and environmentally friendly sources of energy such as solar energy can be a good alternative for desalination processes [7]. In order to meet the water demand from booming in population, industrial expansion, and agricultural development, many water-stressed and arid regions depend on desalination techniques. However, only fossil-rich countries like in the Middle East and Arab nations using conventional distillation technologies as their main water sources. Ghaffour [5] stated that Qatar and Kuwait are 100 % dependent on desalination to cater industrial and domestic uses. In contrast, from environmental aspects, the brine discharged from desalination plants can be harmful to marine aquatic life [6].In order to tackle the water shortages around the globe, an alternative option to provide clean fresh water is becoming more important especially to be used in remote areas. Solar desalination can be one of the alternatives to provide clean and cheap freshwater. Solar distillation is one of the processes to obtain pure water from brackish, seawater and wastewater. Sunlight is one of the various forms of heat energy to be utilized in solar distillation and it is zero fuel cost. Nevertheless, most remote and rural areas especially in arid and semi-arid region are blessed with abundant solar radiation and have a great solar energy potential. Due to that, solar desalination application can be developed in an abundant potential solar energy area to process fresh water [7]. Solar still can also be used in locations where other types of energy resources are inadequate, option for water treatment is not available and the sunshine is abundant. These claims are supported by Radhwan [8] who also mentioned that a solar still is ideally suited to be used in remote areas or in developing countries.Solar distillation is a natural process and uses exactly the same process of generating rainfall which is evaporation and condensation. In general, solar still consists of a blackened basin filled with saline water and covered by an inclined glass to allow solar radiation transmission. The solar radiation heats up the water causing evaporation due to the temperature difference. Then, the hot water vapours condensed along the inclined glass cover and it is collected through collection channel. Solar still can be classified into active and passive distillation systems [9]. According to Sharon & Reddy [10], the formed distilled water is generally potable and the quality of distillate is very high because most of the inorganic and organic components are left behind during the distillation process. It is also supported by Kabeel & Agouz [11] which mentioned that the water from solar still should be quite pure as the slow distillation process allows only pure water to evaporate from the basin, leaving all particulate contaminants behind.
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