The disinfection or inactivation of microorganisms is, in a way, a physicochemical process that is not instantaneous. The rate of disinfection is believed to follow a first-order relationship called Chick’s law (Equation 5.8)-/Which can be integrated to result in the following (Equation 5.9)Where No is the number concentration of surviving microorganisms at time ,t , and k is the rate constant. Chick’s law should be used as a rough estimation of the rate of disinfection in a practial application of disinfectants. This rate may be increased or decraased depending on the environmental factors, disinfectants, and microoganisms. Also, the concentration of disinfectants or dosage of disinfectants is not reflected in Equation 5.8 and 5.9 . the temperature effect of rate of disinfection cannot be easily included in the rate constant, k, be-cause temperature also affects cetain reactions tnvolved in disinfection in addition to disinfection rate. The value of pH can also exert influence on the disinfection rate, as well as reaction steps involved in certain disinfec-tion processes. Extreme pH can inactivate microorganisms without disin-fectants. Organic matters may interfere with disinfection processes by re-acting with disinfectants or shielding microorganisms that attach to the surfaces of organic matters.
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