With a reactive control model, the OpenFlow switches must consult an OpenFlowcontroller each time a decision must be made, such as when a new packet flow reachesan OpenFlow switch (that is, Packet_in event). In the case of flow-based controlgranularity, there will be a small performance delay as the first packet of each newflow is forwarded to the controller for decision (for example, forward or drop), afterwhich future traffic within that flow will be forwarded at line rate within the switchinghardware. While the first-packet delay is negligible in many cases, it may be a concernif the central OpenFlow controller is geographically remote or if most flows areshort-lived (for example, as single-packet flows). An alternative proactive approach isalso possible in OpenFlow to push policy rules out from the controller to the switches.
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