Abstract—This paper provides an overview of the Internet ofThings (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols,and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, andInternet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new classof applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, andmachine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the firstphase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridgediverse technologies to enable new applications by connectingphysical objects together in support of intelligent decision making.This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT.Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain tothe IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to providea more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers toget up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit togetherto deliver desired functionalities without having to go throughRFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover,we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing.We also present the need for better horizontal integration amongIoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit togetherto deliver desired IoT services.Index Terms—Internet of Things (IoT), CoAP, MQTT, AMQP,XMPP, DDS, mDNS, IoT gateway
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