3.1.1 Prevalence of deficiencyThe terms, “iron deficiency” and “iron-deficiency anaemia” are often used synonymously although they are in fact not the same conditions. About 40% of theworld’s population (i.e. more than 2 billion individuals) is thought to suffer fromanaemia, i.e. low blood haemoglobin (see Table 1.1). The mean prevalencesamong specific population groups are estimated to be:—pregnant women, infants and children aged 1–2 years, 50%;—preschool-aged children, 25%;—schoolchildren, 40%;—adolescents, 30–55%;—non-pregnant women, 35%.These average figures obscure the fact that iron deficiency and iron-deficiencyanaemia are even more prevalent in some parts of the world, especially in theIndian subcontinent and in sub-Saharan Africa, where, for example, up to 90%of women become anaemic during pregnancy
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